A lamivudine diastereoselective synthesis method, which takes chiral auxiliary agent L-menthol as the initial material, synthesizes trans-5-hydroxyl-1, 3-oxygen thiacyclopentane-2-carboxylic acid-(1'R, 2'S, 5'R) menthol ester under the action of concentrated sulfuric acid, choose triethanolamine to obtain trans-isomer trans-5-hydroxyl-1, 3-oxygen thiacyclopentane-2-carboxylic acid-(1'R, 2'S, 5'R) menthol ester, and let the trans-isomer to react with acylating agent to obtain trans-5-acetoxy-1, 3-oxygen thiacyclopentane-2-carboxylic acid-(1'R, 2'S, 5'R) menthol ester, glycosidate with cytosine under the action of alkali to obtain 5S-cytosine-1'-radical-1, 3-oxygen thiacyclopentane-2-carboxylic acid-(1'R, 2'S, 5'R) menthyl ester, and then deoxidize with a deoxidizer, and salifying with aspirin, to ionize and liberate lamivudine. Since triethanolamine is added as in the course of reaction interconverting agent, the yield of lamivudine is increased greatly. Aspirin is added in the course of reaction, so that the lamivudine forms an aspirin salt that has poor water solubility, and therefore can effectively separate and liberate lamivudine from the medium.