Provided is a preparation method of SiOC ceramic aerogel. The invention relates to an aerogel material preparation technology, in particular to a preparation method of the SiOC ceramic aerogel. The problem that for an existing method for preparing the SiOC ceramic aerogel, the aperture is difficult to control is solved. The method comprises the steps that hydrogen-containing polymethylsiloxane, 2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-2,4,6,8-tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane, chloroplatinic acid and acetone are mixed to be uniform and then put into a hydrothermal reaction kettle for reacting, and gel is obtained; the gel is soaked with acetone and ethyl alcohol in sequence, supercritical drying treatment is conducted, the temperature is increased to 700 DEG C to 1,300 DEG C under a nitrogen or argon atmosphere, heat preservation is conducted for 1 h to 3 h, natural cooling is conducted to room temperature, and the SiOC ceramic aerogel is obtained. The SiOC ceramic aerogel has the advantages of being high in specific surface area, narrow in pore diameter distribution, stable in structure and stable in temperature resistance and oxidation resistance and can be applied to the fields of thermal insulation, energy storage and the like.