The invention provides a physical pretreatment and electrophoresis coating process of an aluminum magnesium alloy, which is divided into two items of physical pretreatment and electrophoresis coating, wherein the physical pretreatment is surface abrasive blasting; and in the surface abrasive blasting process, the size of abrasive grains is determined according to the roughness required by the surface of a workpiece. The invention also discloses the process steps of the physical pretreatment and the electrophoresis coating of the aluminum magnesium alloy, which comprise abrasive selecting, spray gun adjusting, abrasive blasting, dedusting, electrophoresis coating, cleaning and drying, ceramic coating spraying and drying. The physical pretreatment and electrophoresis coating process of the aluminum magnesium alloy adopts the treatment process combining the abrasive blasting treatment and the electrophoresis coating, not only reduces the environment pollution and the damages to the human body, but also has the advantages of simple process operation, low cost, environment protection, no toxin, good surface cleanness, tight and firm combination of the coating obtained by an electrophoresis coating and a substrate of the workpiece, good adhesion, compact and attractive surface coating of the aluminum magnesium alloy, and obvious corrosion resistance enhancement.