The invention discloses a method for decomposing and recycling a photovoltaic component. According to the method, glass panel particles, ethylene-vinlacetate (EVA) particles, backboard particles and silicon particles are recycled from the photovoltaic component subjected to border and junction box removal by using methods for shearing, squeezing and shearing, grinding at low temperature, vibrating and screening, and the like. Compared with a method for decomposing and recycling the photovoltaic component by adopting thermal treatment and chemical treatment in the prior art, the method for decomposing and recycling the photovoltaic component has the advantages that: the photovoltaic component is decomposed and recycled by adopting mechanical methods for crushing, grinding at low temperature, vibrating and screening, and the like, thermal treatment is not required during treatment, and the energy consumption is relatively low; and furthermore, according to the method for decomposing and recycling the photovoltaic component, chemical reagents are not used, so that secondary pollution to the environment is avoided, and the method is relatively environment-friendly. The invention also provides a device for decomposing and recycling the photovoltaic component.