The invention provides a mesoporous
silicon film and a two-step preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: putting cotton into a
sulfuric acid solution, stirring and reacting, taking out the cotton after the reaction, diluting with
distilled water, standing for layering; carrying out
centrifugal separation on the lower layer of a suspension, washing; carrying out
dialysis on the centrifuged suspension, adjusting the pH, carrying out ultrasonic treatment to obtain nanocrystalline
cellulose; carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the nanocrystalline
cellulose, putting the nanocrystalline
cellulose into a round-bottom flask, adding glucose, stirring evenly, adding tetraethl
silicate, stirring and
drying to obtain a mesoporous
silicon film A; calcining the mesoporous
silicon film A to obtain a mesoporous silicon film B; putting the mesoporous silicon film B into methylbenzene, introducing
nitrogen, dropwise adding
triethylamine, introducing
nitrogen, dropwise adding Diethylphosphatoethyltriethoxysilane, sealing, and shaking to obtain a mesoporous silicon film C; putting the mesoporous silicon film C into concentrated
hydrochloric acid and reacting to obtain a mesoporous silicon film D; and washing the mesoporous silicon film D and
drying to obtain the final mesoporous silicon film. According to the invention,
biomass cellulose is used as a template, has a wide range of sources and is green and
environmentally friendly.