The invention relates to a preparation and purification method of bicaudal gemellus quaternary ammonium salt type cationic surfactant. The preparation method comprises the following steps in sequence: (1) metric acetonitrile is added into a dual-bottleneck distilling flask that is provided with a refluxing and condensing tube, and simultaneously, long-chain dialkyl methyl tertiary amine and relevant saturated dihalide are added thereof; (2) nitrogen is pumped for 10 to 20 minutes for deoxidizing; (3) a magnetic mixing reaction is carried through for 10 to 15 hours under the condition of 78 to 83 DEG C. after the reaction is finished, the solvent is removed by a decompression and distillation way to obtain yellowish colloid substance, then acetone is added, precipitated under low temperature, filtered and then washed twice by using the acetone, finally, white powdery solid is obtained by the vacuum drying. When the white powder is used for element analysis and hydrogen spectrum analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance, the analysis result is accordance with that of the target products. The method of the invention has cheap and easy available materials, moderate reaction condition, complete reaction and high reaction yield coefficient, which also can be carried through in common solvents, such as ethanol and so on.