According to the invention, 3,4-dimethylthieno[2,3-B]thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, 3,6-dithia-1,8-octanediol, and 3,5-dithia-1,7-heptanediol or (1S, 2S)-(+)-2-amino-1-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-1,3-propanediol are used as raw materials, and a sulfur-containing copolyester partially derived from the biomass raw material is prepared through two reaction steps of catalytic melt esterification or transesterification and catalytic melt polymerization. The 3,4-dimethylthieno[2,3-B]thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid can be obtained from biomass resources, and the problem of shortage of petroleum resources is avoided. The prepared polyester has the characteristics that the polyester material has good thermal stability, ductility and other mechanical properties and excellent degradability, when the content of 3,6-dithia-1,8-octanediol exceeds 35%, the elongation at break of the polyester reaches 420% or above, and the polyester material has good toughness, and can be used as a high-impact-resistance polyester material. The sulfur-containing copolyester partially derived from the biomass raw material prepared by the invention is mainly used for achieving a plasticizing effect in processing of apolyvinyl chloride material.