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This invention belongs to the field of catalysis technology, and specifically discloses a sub-nanometer-scale Cu-based intermediate-temperature shift catalyst and its preparation method. The Cu-based intermediate-temperature shift catalyst consists of 20%–30% of a composite oxide support, 30%–40% of Cu sub-nanometer particles supported on the composite oxide support, and 30%–40% of an active agent. Based on a composite oxide support with a specific composition, the preparation process utilizes an active agent, a surfactant, and calcination under a protective atmosphere to ensure that the support is loaded with fully dispersed Cu particles with a main particle size less than 2 nm as the active component. Utilizing the size effect, the two components work synergistically, ensuring high catalytic activity, excellent thermal stability, a wide active temperature range, and a long service life, while also improving the CO conversion rate in application. This Cu-based intermediate-temperature shift catalyst exhibits excellent performance in CO conversion reactions within a temperature range of 180℃–400℃.