The invention relates to a slow-release and synergistic phosphate fertilizer, a preparation method and application thereof. The slow-release and synergistic phosphate fertilizer has a core-shell structure. The core is made of components including phosphate fertilizer, polyglutamic acid, activated humic acid, alginic acid, and polyacrylamide. The shell is made of ingredients including chitosan, sulfur, citric acid, and tartaric acid The components are prepared; the mass ratio of phosphate fertilizer, polyglutamic acid, activated humic acid, alginic acid and polyacrylamide is 80‑100: 0.1‑10: 0.1‑10: 0.1‑5: 0.1‑5; chitooligosaccharide, The mass ratio of sulfur, citric acid and tartaric acid is 0.1‑4:0.1‑4:0.1‑3:0.1‑3. The invention adds raw materials with biodegradation, chelation, soil structure improvement and strong pertinence to the phosphate fertilizer, so that the phosphate fertilizer has good effect and high utilization rate, meets the needs of various crops for phosphorus, can be mixed with other fertilizers, and is suitable for It can be used in various stages of crops, and has safe production, low energy consumption, and no secondary pollution.