Antimicrobial and contraceptive compositions and methods are provided that prevent and / or reduce sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) transmitted through sexual activity, and prevent and / or reduce the risk of
pregnancy. The composition contains (1) a matrix forming agent, (2) a
bioadhesive, (3) a buffer, (4) an optional
wetting agent, (5) an optional
preservative, and (6) water; wherein the composition is suitable for application within the
vagina; wherein the composition forms a semi-
solid matrix upon contact with
semen (thereby capturing microorganisms and
sperm released by ejaculation); wherein the composition causes hardening of
cervical mucus (thereby reducing the likelihood of
sperm entry); wherein The composition forms a
bioadhesive layer on the vaginal surface (thereby preventing or reducing the risk of STD-causing microorganisms coming into contact with the vaginal surface); wherein the composition maintains an acidic vaginal pH of less than about 5 in the presence of
semen released by male ejaculation; and wherein the combination The substance does not significantly damage the normal microbial balance in the
vagina.
Antimicrobial and contraceptive compositions may also contain other
antimicrobial and / or contraceptive agents (e.g., nonoxynol-9, octoxynol-9,
benzalkonium chloride, phosphorylated
hesperidin, sulfonated orange Dermatosine,
polystyrene sulfonate, substituted benzenesulfonate
formaldehyde copolymer, H 2 SO 4 -Modified
mandelic acid, povidone-
iodine,
itraconazole,
ketoconazole,
metronidazole,
clotrimazole,
fluconazole, teraconazole,
miconazole,
tinidazole, itonazole,
chloride (mycin,
nystatin, ciclopiroxamide, etc.).