The invention provides a manufacturing method for a wood-based cotton stalk composite artificial board. The manufacturing method is characterized by comprising the following steps that firstly, cotton stalks are cut off, the water content of the cotton stalks is controlled to be within 15-20%, and then the cotton stalks are cut into small sections 1.5-2.5 cm long; secondly, hot grinding is carried out, particularly, the cotton stalks cut as needed and wood strips are subjected to hot grinding and pulping through two hot grinding machines, and the pulping condition of the cotton stalks is that the steam pressure is 2-5 kg/cm<2>; thirdly, glue is applied and dried, gluing and drying are carried out synchronously after hot grinding, and water-proofing agents are added at the time; the applied glue amount and the applied water-proofing agent number of the cotton stalks are 10-14% and 1-2% respectively, the applied glue amount and the applied water-proofing agent number of wood fibers are 8-12% and 0.5-1% respectively, and the water content of the fibers with glue applied is 8-12% through drying; fourthly, laying is carried out, the dried mixed materials with the glue applied are laid into a board blank with the required thickness; fifthly, hot pressing is carried out, the hot pressing temperature is 140-200 DEG C, the hot pressing pressure is 2.5-4 MPa, and the hot pressing time is 15-30 second/mm; and sixthly, edges are cut, and another kind of fiber board product is formed.