The invention discloses a supersonic vibration countersinking device applied in pneumatic drilling. The device comprises a slide ring, a front cover plate, a shaft sleeve, a three-legged bracket, a flange disc, a retaining ring, a countersink, a central shaft, a central sleeve, a lining, a pneumatic drill, an external spring, an internal spring, a clamp spring, a ceramic plate B, a ceramic plate A, a rear cover plate and a clamp ring. A main shaft of the pneumatic drill is connected with an internal threaded hole on the front cover plate, the ceramic plate B, the ceramic plate A and the rear cover plate are mounted at one end of the front cover plate, the other end of the front cover plate is connected with one end of the central shaft, the central shaft is sleeved in the central sleeve, and the other end of the central shaft is connected with the countersink; and an internal ring of the slide ring is mounted on the external edge of the rear cover plate, a connecting ring is arranged between an external ring of the slide ring and the flange disc, a casing of the pneumatic drill is connected with the flange disc; and the three-legged bracket, the shaft sleeve and the clamp ring are sleeved on the central sleeve, and the three-legged bracket can ensure that the countersink is perpendicular to the surface of a workpiece to be processed. The supersonic vibration drilling device provided by the invention can be applied in the tight high-precision countersinking of carbon fiber composite material of airplane skin as well as of large ports of titanium-alloy laminated fasteners.