A
system (100) for synthesizing Ti 1-x Fe x O 2-δ -Photoelectrodes co-sensitized with the dye CdS QDs-N719, comprising: i) a
nanoparticle synthesis apparatus (102) configured to synthesize Ti 1-x Fe x O 2-δ -To synthesize nanoparticles with an x-value in the range of 0.008 to 0.024, wherein the synthesis arrangement comprises: a) a primary
mixing chamber (104) configured to mix
titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) with
anhydrous isopropanol and
sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS); b) a
doping addition unit (106) configured to add a stoichiometric amount of an iron(III)
nitrate nonahydrate solution in isopropanol to the primary
mixing chamber (104); c) a
pH control module (108) configured to add aqueous
ammonia dropwise to maintain the pH at 9.00 ±0.10; d) a stirring module (110) connected to the primary
mixing chamber (104) and configured to maintain continuous stirring for a certain period of time; e) a collection unit (112) connected to the primary mixing chamber (104) and configured to filter and collect white
titanium hydroxide precipitate; f) a
drying and calcining unit (114) configured to dry and calcine the
precipitation at 450°C for 2 hours; ii) a photoelectrode manufacturing arrangement (200) comprising the following: a) a paste manufacturing unit (202) configured to Ti 1-x Fe x O 2-δ -Disperse nanoparticles sequentially in DMF and
acetonitrile solvents; b) a
coating module (204) configured to apply the paste evenly onto an FTO substrate to produce films which are then sintered; c) a
sensitization arrangement (206) configured to sensitize the prepared sintered films successively with CdS
quantum dots and N719 dye, together with ZnS deposition, wherein the
sensitization arrangement first deposits CdS-QDs onto the films, then deposits a ZnS layer, and then deposits N719 dyes onto the surface of the modified Ti 1-x Fe x O2- δ -QDs films depositing ZnS particles; and d) a washing unit (208) comprising a detergent containing an equimolar mixture of tert-butyl
alcohol and
acetonitrile for washing the prepared electrodes to obtain uniform photoelectrodes.