The invention relates to the technical field of 
hydroxymethylfurfural preparation, particularly a preparation method of 5-
hydroxymethylfurfural, which comprises the following steps: dissolving a saccharide 
raw material in a dimethylsulfoxide 
solvent, heating to 80-160 DEG C, adding 
chromium chloride to react, and detecting the reaction yield of the 5-
hydroxymethylfurfural; and when the yield is greater than 90%, 
quenching the reaction, carrying out 
vacuum distillation to remove the 
solvent, diluting the residual liquid with a saturated 
sodium chloride water solution to obtain a solution to be extracted, extracting with an 
organic solvent, and 
drying by 
distillation to obtain the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. The 
mass ratio of the saccharide 
raw material to the dimethylsulfoxide is 1:(1.5-20), and the addition amount of 
chromium chloride is 5-20 wt% of the saccharide 
raw material. The synthetic 
route is easy and simple to operate, and does not need any 
inert gas protective 
atmosphere; the total 
mass yield is up to higher than 90%, and the purity is up to higher than 96%; and the invention is suitable for industrial production, and enhances the 
solid content of the reaction to 33%, thereby greatly enhancing the reaction efficiency.