The invention relates to the technical field of
hydroxymethylfurfural preparation, particularly a preparation method of 5-
hydroxymethylfurfural, which comprises the following steps: dissolving a saccharide
raw material in a dimethylsulfoxide
solvent, heating to 80-160 DEG C, adding
chromium chloride to react, and detecting the reaction yield of the 5-
hydroxymethylfurfural; and when the yield is greater than 90%,
quenching the reaction, carrying out
vacuum distillation to remove the
solvent, diluting the residual liquid with a saturated
sodium chloride water solution to obtain a solution to be extracted, extracting with an
organic solvent, and
drying by
distillation to obtain the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. The
mass ratio of the saccharide
raw material to the dimethylsulfoxide is 1:(1.5-20), and the addition amount of
chromium chloride is 5-20 wt% of the saccharide
raw material. The synthetic
route is easy and simple to operate, and does not need any
inert gas protective
atmosphere; the total
mass yield is up to higher than 90%, and the purity is up to higher than 96%; and the invention is suitable for industrial production, and enhances the
solid content of the reaction to 33%, thereby greatly enhancing the reaction efficiency.