A method for preparing nano copper powder through a fluorocarbon surfactant comprises the following steps that (1) an anionic fluorocarbon surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, an assistant, CuSO.5H2O and water are proportionally selected to prepare microemulsion; (2) the microemulsion is subjected to electrodeposition, and nano copper powder mixed liquor is obtained; (3) nano copper powder is extracted, the nano copper powder mixed liquor is subjected to filtering or centrifugal treatment, and after suction filtration and drying, nano copper powder is obtained; and (4) the nano copper powder isput into a packaging bag, and the packaging bag is sealed and stored after inert gases are injected into the packaging bag. According to the nano copper powder prepared through the method, the particle size is 20-100 nanometer, the purity is 99% or above, distribution of the particle size is uniform, and the appearance consistency is good; in the preparation process, the copper powder does not adhere to a cathode plate, the self-desorption performance is good, the cathode plate is easy to clean, and automatic continuous production can be achieved; the corrosion amount of an anode plates is small, environment pollution is small, and energy consumption is low; and the prepared nano copper powder is good in dispersity and easy to collect.