68 results about "Phosphorus doped" patented technology

The invention belongs to the technical field of back contact photovoltaic cells, and particularly relates to a back contact photovoltaic cell with high-concentration co-doped regions and a manufacturing method and application thereof.The back contact photovoltaic cell with the high-concentration co-doped regions is characterized in that N-type doped regions and P-type doped regions which are alternately distributed are arranged on the backlight face of an intrinsic amorphous silicon layer, and the high-concentration co-doped regions are arranged between the N-type doped regions and the P-type doped regions; a doping source of the co-doped region comprises doping source phosphorus of the N-type doped region and doping source boron of the P-type doped region, the co-doped region, the doping source of the N-type doped region and the doping source of the P-type doped region form a specific concentration gradient structure, and the specific concentration gradient structure meets the condition that the doping concentration of phosphorus contained in the co-doped region is greater than that of phosphorus contained in the N-type doped region; the doping concentration of boron contained in the co-doped region is greater than the doping concentration of boron in the P-type doped region. The carrier transport and collection efficiency is optimized, the fill factor and open-circuit voltage are improved, the cell conversion efficiency and stability are improved, the preparation process is simple, and multiple times of opening etching are not needed.

The present invention discloses a passivated contact cell with a selective polysilicon layer and a preparation method thereof. In the present invention, each laser scanning line on the back of the TOPCon solar cell is separated by a phosphorus-heavy doped polysilicon layer in the middle, there is no overlap of the laser scanning path, and a partial phosphorus-doped polysilicon layer structure in the area around the main grid is retained. Such a structural method helps to reduce the transmission distance of carriers in the laser ablation area, and the carriers can be collected more quickly by the fine grid, thereby improving the fill factor FF of the cell, especially under special conditions such as broken grid. In the present invention, the laser grooving area is set to 40% to 80% of the total area of ​​the back of the cell, which is conducive to balancing the passivation performance of the cell while reducing the parasitic absorption of light by polysilicon. The passivated contact cell of the present invention has a higher short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage and fill factor.

The invention provides a doped lithium-rich manganese-based precursor, a preparation method thereof, a positive electrode material and a battery, and relates to the technical field of preparation of battery positive electrode materials. Fluorine and phosphorus doped elements are synchronously added in the precursor synthesis process and can be uniformly dispersed in the precursor, the nucleation and growth modes of the precursor are induced by utilizing the adsorption characteristics and the synergistic induction effect of the fluorine and phosphorus elements, and the precursor morphology with needle-shaped radial arrangement is synthesized. The lithium-rich material with the corresponding morphology is beneficial to migration and transmission of lithium ions from the inside to the outside of the material on one hand, meanwhile, the stress is small, and the structure is more stable in the circulation process.

The present invention provides a multi-layer doping source structure, and a high-quality emitter and a controllable preparation method therefor. The multi-layer doping source structure comprises a dielectric layer, a nitrogen silicide layer and a doping source layer, which are stacked on the front surface of a crystalline silicon substrate, wherein the dielectric layer is a silicon oxide film or a silicon oxynitride film, the doping source layer is boron-doped amorphous silicon doped with functional elements or phosphorus-doped amorphous silicon doped with functional elements, and the functional elements doped in the doping source layer are carbon and / or nitrogen. In the present invention, the doping source structure is composed of the dielectric layer, a nitrogen silicide and boron- / phosphorus-doped amorphous silicon doped with functional elements; the multi-layer doping source structure has both a strong laser absorption capability and a high boron or phosphorus doping concentration, thereby facilitating a reduction in the laser power and the illumination time required by a laser selective emitter technique; moreover, such a multi-layer doping source structure is favorable for reducing the surface boron concentration, decreasing defects and improving the passivation effect of an emitter, and therefore an improvement in battery efficiency can be promoted.

A solar cell and a preparation method thereof belong to the field of photovoltaic technology, the solar cell at least comprises a substrate, a tunneling oxide layer, a tin oxide layer and a doped polycrystalline silicon layer, along the thickness direction of the substrate, the tunneling oxide layer is arranged on the surface of the substrate, the tin oxide layer is arranged on the surface of the tunneling oxide layer, and the doped polycrystalline silicon layer is arranged on the surface of the substrate. The doped polycrystalline silicon layer is arranged on the surface of the tin oxide layer, so that the tin oxide layer is located between the tunneling oxide layer and the doped polycrystalline silicon layer. The phosphorus doping concentration alpha of the tunneling oxide layer satisfies 1 * 10 < 13 > cm <-3 > < = alpha < = 1 * 10 < 16 > cm <-3 >, the phosphorus doping concentration beta of the tin oxide layer satisfies 1 * 10 < 15 > cm <-3 > < = beta < = 1 * 10 < 20 > cm <-3 >, and the phosphorus doping concentration gamma of the doped polycrystalline silicon layer satisfies 1 * 10 < 19 > cm <-3 > < = gamma < = 1 * 10 < 21 > cm <-3 >. The tin oxide layer is arranged between the tunneling oxide layer and the doped polycrystalline silicon layer, the tin oxide layer has excellent conductivity and light transmission, parasitic absorption is reduced, more light is absorbed by the substrate, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell is improved.

The invention provides a preparation method of nitrogen and phosphorus-doped carbon dots and application of the nitrogen and phosphorus-doped carbon dots in quercetin detection, the nitrogen and phosphorus-doped fluorescent carbon dots (N, P-CDs) are successfully constructed for the first time by adopting a hydrothermal synthesis method, and the carbon dots have emission peaks at 465 nm under the excitation wavelength of 325 nm and show green fluorescence under the irradiation of an ultraviolet lamp; quinine sulfate is used as a standard reference substance, and the quantum yield is 1301%; an N, P-CDs solution is used as a probe molecule, after quercetin is added, fluorescence quenching of N, P-CDs is induced, and the concentration of quercetin and the fluorescence intensity of N, P-CDs are linearly changed, so that the method can be used for quantitative detection of quercetin. The N, P-CDs preparation method provided by the invention is simple and rapid, the product property is stable and non-toxic, the detection sensitivity on the quercetin is high, and the N, P-CDs can be used for detecting the content of the quercetin in serum.

The invention relates to the field of positive electrode materials, in particular to a carbon-coated lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material and a preparation method thereof, which are used for solving the core pain points that the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material is low in electronic conductivity, slow in ion diffusion and easy to agglomerate particles in circulation. The carbon-coated lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material comprises a phosphorus-doped modified carbon nanotube, N-methyl pyrrolidone and lithium iron phosphate powder, the preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, modifying a carbon nano tube by using a carbon nano tube modifier, then carrying out phosphorus doping to obtain a phosphorus-doped modified carbon nano tube, and then carrying out carbon coating treatment on lithium iron phosphate by using the phosphorus-doped modified carbon nano tube, the electron and ion transmission efficiency is remarkably improved, the high-rate discharge performance is optimized, the cycle stability is enhanced, and volume expansion and side reaction are inhibited.

The invention discloses a magnetic limited phosphorus-doped photocatalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of functional materials for pretreatment of environmental chemical pollutants. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing magnetic Fe3O4.TiO2 by adopting a microwave method, and introducing a C18 modified carbon framework material and phosphate ions by taking the magnetic Fe3O4.TiO2 as a matrix to prepare the magnetic limited-access phosphorus-doped photocatalyst. The magnetic limited phosphorus-doped photocatalyst disclosed by the invention has the ultrahigh saturated adsorption capacity of a C18 modified carbon framework material, the instantaneous solid-liquid separation capacity and the efficient photocatalytic degradation capacity of nano titanium dioxide modified magnetic ferroferric oxide and the synergistic photocatalytic performance of phosphate; the problem that a traditional photocatalyst is poor in adsorption capacity is fundamentally solved, and the photocatalyst has more advantages in the aspects of adsorption removal and photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol organic pollutants in an environmental water sample.

The invention belongs to the technical field of carbon materials, and provides a nitrogen-phosphorus-doped porous carbon modifier and a preparation method and application thereof.The preparation method comprises the steps that raw materials and water are mixed, stirred and dried, and a mixture is obtained; wherein the raw materials comprise polyaspartic acid, magnesium sulfate, polyvinylpyrrolidone and melamine phosphate in a mass ratio of (3-7): (4-6): (4-6): (3-7); the mixture is kept at 280-320 DEG C for 8-16 h, and a polymer is obtained; carbonizing the polymer in an inert gas atmosphere for 1.5-3 hours to obtain a nitrogen and phosphorus doped porous carbon modifier; wherein the carbonization temperature is 850-1000 DEG C. According to the preparation method, the nitrogen and phosphorus doped porous carbon is obtained, the porous carbon can be applied to a rubber additive and a battery negative electrode material, rubber can be effectively reinforced and the wear resistance of the rubber can be improved after the porous carbon is applied to the rubber additive, meanwhile, the preparation method is simple, complex steps are avoided, and the cost is reduced.

The application belongs to the technical field of back contact photovoltaic cells, and particularly relates to a back contact photovoltaic cell with a high-concentration co-doped region, a preparation method and application, which comprises setting N-type doped regions and P-type doped regions which are alternately distributed on the back light surface of an intrinsic amorphous silicon layer, and setting a high-concentration co-doped region between the N-type doped regions and the P-type doped regions, wherein the doping source of the co-doped region comprises a doping source phosphorus of the N-type doped region and a doping source boron of the P-type doped region, the co-doped region and the doping sources of the N-type doped regions and the P-type doped regions form a specific concentration gradient structure, and the specific concentration gradient structure satisfies that the doping concentration of phosphorus contained in the co-doped region is greater than the phosphorus doping concentration in the N-type doped region, and the doping concentration of boron contained in the co-doped region is greater than the boron doping concentration in the P-type doped region. The application optimizes the carrier transport and collection efficiency, improves the fill factor and open-circuit voltage, improves the cell conversion efficiency and stability, and the preparation process is simple and does not need multiple etching openings.

The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and provides a preparation method and application of phosphorus-doped two-dimensional transition metal carbide porous flexible aerogel. The method comprises the following steps: chemically etching a two-dimensional transition metal carbide precursor through a lithium fluoride-hydrochloric acid system, and carrying out ultrasonic stripping and centrifugal purification to obtain a single-layer nano material suspension; then, triphenylphosphine is adopted for phosphorus doping modification, and the electronic structure is optimized through high-temperature annealing treatment; the preparation method comprises the following steps: impregnating modified melamine sponge with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to construct a three-dimensional porous carrier, uniformly loading a phosphorus-doped two-dimensional carbide nano-material on the surface of the carrier, and finally preparing the flexible aerogel material with a hierarchical porous structure through a freeze-drying process. According to the scheme, by doping the phosphorus element, the conductivity of the two-dimensional transition metal carbide is effectively improved, multi-layer accumulation caused by interlayer Van der Waals interaction is reduced, and excellent catalytic activity is shown for removal of antibiotics in industrial wastewater; and compared with traditional persulfate (such as potassium hydrogen persulfate), ciprofloxacin (CIP) in industrial wastewater can be efficiently degraded, and a good treatment effect is achieved.

This invention discloses a modified iron-phosphorus-doped titanium-based composite material for highly selective thallium removal and its preparation method, relating to the field of water treatment technology. The modified iron-phosphorus-doped titanium-based composite material for highly selective thallium removal comprises the following components by weight: 100 parts titanium source, 10-25 parts iron source, 1-10 parts phosphorus source, 30-60 parts composite chelating agent, and 0-50 parts functional adjustment precursor. The titanium and iron sources form a primary porous framework, and the phosphorus source is doped and modified on the surface and within the pores of the primary porous framework. The modified iron-phosphorus-doped titanium-based composite material for highly selective thallium removal provided by this invention significantly enhances surface activity through the co-doping of iron and phosphorus elements; and the introduction of the composite chelating agent effectively solves the problem of excessively rapid hydrolysis of the titanium source, enabling the material to form a structurally stable porous framework at a lower temperature, while also exhibiting excellent versatility and scalability.

The application relates to a preparation method of nitrogen and phosphorus doped porous carbon used as an electroactive material in a zinc ion supercapacitor. The method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a nitrogen and phosphorus dopant; (2) preparing an activator; (3) preparing a carbon material precursor; (4) carbonizing and cleaning the precursor: under a nitrogen atmosphere, the precursor is carbonized at 700 DEG C-900 DEG C for 2 hours, after being reduced to room temperature, the carbonized precursor is washed with water until neutral, and nitrogen and phosphorus doped porous carbon material is obtained. The nitrogen and phosphorus doped porous carbon material prepared in the application has a high specific surface area and a good pore size distribution. The zinc ion supercapacitor prepared by using the nitrogen and phosphorus doped porous carbon material prepared in the application as an electrode active material shows extremely high capacitance and energy density. The application provides a method for solving the problem that the actual capacitance and energy density of the current zinc ion supercapacitor are low.

The invention provides a method for improving phosphorus expansion junction pushing of a TOPCon battery. The method comprises the following steps of phosphorus source deposition, diffusion propulsion and cooling annealing. Wherein in the source phosphorus deposition process, the low-temperature source introduction temperature is 795-805 DEG C; the high-temperature source introduction time is 120 to 160 seconds; and during cooling and annealing, the temperature is 840-870 DEG C. According to the method for improving phosphorus expansion junction pushing of the TOPCon battery, the reaction temperature during source introduction is increased to 795-805 DEG C, the source introduction time is shortened to 780-820 s, and the high-temperature source introduction time is increased to 120-160 s, so that the doping concentration of a phosphorus deep junction is increased; furthermore, in order to avoid the situation that the tunneling oxide layer is expanded and penetrated due to the fact that the junction pushing depth is too large, the reaction temperature of cooling and aerobic propulsion is reduced. By means of the method, the phosphorus doping concentration can be increased to 2.5 E + 20 cm <-3 >-3.7 E + 20 cm <-3 >, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery piece is improved, the efficiency is expected to be improved by 0.03%, and the yield is equal.

A preparation method of nitrogen-phosphorus doped porous carbon for oxygen reduction electrocatalysis within a wide pH range, which uses natural mineral-based carbon sources as raw material and uses a sequential nitrogen and phosphorus doping process for synthesizing in two paths. The method provided may be highly cost-effective, sustainable, and suitable for large-scale utilization.

The invention belongs to the technical field of catalysts, and particularly discloses a P-CoPt3 / P-CoMoO4 heterostructure hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst comprises a foamed nickel substrate and a catalytic active material loaded on the surface of the foamed nickel substrate, the catalytic active material comprises phosphorus-doped CoMoO4 and phosphorus-doped CoPt3, the phosphorus-doped CoMoO4 has a three-dimensional open nanorod array structure, the phosphorus-doped CoPt3 is anchored on the nanorod array, and the phosphorus-doped CoMoO4 has a three-dimensional open nanorod array structure. And the phosphorus doped CoMoO4 and the phosphorus doped CoPt3 form a heterostructure. A simple and controllable solution soaking method is adopted to generate the P-CoPt3 / P-CoMoO4 heterostructure hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst through in-situ spontaneous oxidation-reduction reaction on the nanorod array, and the prepared hydrogen evolution heterostructure electrocatalyst has the characteristics of sensitive response, high activity and long-term stability.

The present invention provides an NMOS structure, a preparation method and a semiconductor device. The preparation method includes providing a substrate; forming a plurality of fin structures on the substrate; forming a gate oxide layer on the surface of the fin structures, depositing an isolation layer between the fin structures, and forming a gate material layer above the isolation layer and the gate oxide layer of the fin structures; patterning the gate material layer to form a plurality of gate lines, forming a gate spacer trench between adjacent gate lines, and forming a sidewall isolation layer on the surface of the obtained structure; forming an opening area; sequentially forming a nucleation region layer and a high-phosphorus doped region layer inside the opening area, and removing the impurity layer on the surface of the high-phosphorus doped region layer to form a source or a drain. The present invention improves the stress of the NMOS channel, reduces the bulk resistance and contact resistance of the NMOS source-drain region, and improves the product yield.

The present disclosure relates to a carbon-based nanomaterial composition that may be formed from a gas mixture and a phosphorus powder. The gas mixture may include a carbon based gas, an oxygen gas, and a hydrogen gas. The carbon-based nanomaterial composition may include phosphorus doped nanospheres.

The invention discloses a diamond Schottky diode with a composite anode structure and a preparation method of the diamond Schottky diode. The Schottky diode comprises an ohmic electrode, a 100-crystal-orientation p-type heavily-doped monocrystal diamond substrate, an unintentionally-doped diamond layer, a phosphorus-doped diamond layer, a high-conductivity layer and a Schottky electrode, the unintentional doped diamond layer is etched into a slope structure, the phosphorus-doped diamond layer is arranged in an etching area, and the high-conductivity layer is arranged on the surface of the phosphorus-doped diamond layer, so that the surface of the high-conductivity layer and the surface of the unintentional doped diamond layer are alternately arranged, and low-barrier Schottky junctions and high-barrier pn junctions which are alternately arranged are introduced into an anode; because the barrier heights of the pn junction and the Schottky junction are different, the low-barrier Schottky junction is used for leading in forward conduction, and the conduction resistance is low; and during reverse turn-off, the high-barrier pn junction is used for leading, and the reverse breakdown voltage is high. According to the preparation method, two times of self-alignment are introduced, unmasked region etching is isolated from phosphorus-doped diamond layer growth and Schottky electrode self-mask etching, and the process complexity is reduced.

The application provides a high-efficiency lithium silicate lithium supplementing agent and a preparation method thereof. By introducing phosphorus doping modification in the carbon material coating, the electronic structure characteristics of phosphorus atoms are utilized to regulate the electron cloud density of the carbon material to reduce the electronic transmission resistance and improve the electronic conduction rate, introduce more defect sites and polar groups, enhance the affinity of the carbon material and the electrolyte, promote the rapid penetration of the electrolyte and the adsorption and desorption of lithium ions, moderately expand the carbon layer spacing to provide a relaxed space for lithium ion migration, and realize the synergistic improvement of electronic transmission and ion migration; small molecule sulfur formed by introducing sulfur and heat activation has higher conductivity and reactivity, and after being embedded in the porous carbon micropore, the charge transfer capacity of the carbon layer and the Li4SiO4 interface is significantly enhanced, the Li4SiO4 wrapped by the carbon layer is effectively activated, and the lithium supplementing capacity is greatly improved; meanwhile, by optimizing the pore structure of the carbon coating layer and the sulfur loading amount, the lithium supplementing agent usage amount is regulated, and efficient, stable and controllable lithium compensation is realized.

The invention belongs to the technical field of back contact cells, and particularly relates to an anti-LID-effect back contact cell and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method comprises the steps: forming suede surfaces on the light receiving surface of a silicon wafer and an opening region of a second semiconductor; sequentially forming a passivation layer and an anti-reflection layer on the light receiving surface of the silicon wafer, wherein the passivation layer comprises a compact oxide layer and a phosphorus-doped oxygen-doped amorphous silicon layer which are sequentially formed; wherein the formation of the compact oxide layer comprises the following steps of: performing ozone flow gradient increasing oxidation, and then performing hydrogen plasma treatment; the formation of the phosphorus-doped and oxygen-doped amorphous silicon layer comprises the step of introducing at least one gradient change of gas under the continuous existence of glow plasma to carry out continuous coating, and the at least one gradient change of the introduced gas enables the phosphorus doping concentration in the phosphorus-doped and oxygen-doped amorphous silicon layer to be gradually increased from inside to outside. According to the invention, the anti-LID attenuation performance of the battery can be improved, and the overall passivation level and the battery efficiency can be effectively improved.

The invention discloses a cell panel with a selective phosphorus doping structure and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of solar cells, the cell panel comprises a substrate, the front surface of the substrate is sequentially provided with a P + emitter layer, an aluminum oxide passivation layer and a silicon nitride anti-reflection layer, a tunneling oxide layer, a phosphorus-doped polycrystalline silicon layer, an aluminum oxide passivation layer and a silicon nitride anti-reflection layer are sequentially arranged on the reverse side; wherein a selective phosphorus heavily-doped region is arranged in the phosphorus-doped polycrystalline silicon layer, and the phosphorus content in the selective phosphorus heavily-doped region is greater than that in the phosphorus-doped polycrystalline silicon layer, so that a region which needs to form low-resistance ohmic contact with a metal electrode has higher carrier concentration; the contact resistance between the metal electrode and the phosphorus-doped polycrystalline silicon layer is reduced, and efficient collection of photon-generated carriers is facilitated; the main body region of the phosphorus-doped polycrystalline silicon layer keeps relatively low phosphorus concentration, thereby effectively preventing excessive phosphorus from diffusing to the aluminum oxide passivation layer to weaken the passivation effect, and further reducing the carrier recombination loss.

The invention discloses a passivation contact structure of a boron and phosphorus doped Poly layer and a battery thereof. According to the passivation contact structure, a tunneling oxide layer with two thin and compact sides and a thick and loose middle grows on the surface of a silicon wafer in a mode of combining low-temperature and low-pressure oxidation, high-temperature and normal-pressure oxidation and low-temperature and normal-pressure oxidation. According to the invention, through superposition of the oxide layers with different compactness, the overall thickness of the tunneling oxide layer is improved, so that the structure of the tunneling oxide layer is not obviously damaged in the subsequent boron and phosphorus diffusion process, and the passivation effect of the boron and phosphorus doped Poly layer is obviously improved. According to the method, the Poly silicon layers and the doped polycrystalline silicon layers with different thicknesses can be obtained, and the method can be applied to all batteries needing to use boron Poly and phosphorus Poly.

The application discloses a P-type TOPCon cell and a preparation method thereof. The P-type TOPCon cell takes P-type crystalline silicon as a substrate, and the front surface of the P-type TOPCon cell comprises, from inside to outside, a tunneling oxide layer, a phosphorus-doped polysilicon stack and a front composite passivation layer. The phosphorus-doped polysilicon stack comprises, from inside to outside, a first phosphorus-doped polysilicon film, a first silicon oxide film, a second phosphorus-doped polysilicon film, a second silicon oxide film and a third phosphorus-doped polysilicon film. The phosphorus doping concentration and the thickness of the third phosphorus-doped polysilicon film are greater than those of the first phosphorus-doped polysilicon film. The preparation method comprises preparing the tunneling oxide layer, the phosphorus-doped polysilicon stack and the front composite passivation layer on the front surface of the P-type crystalline silicon. The P-type TOPCon cell has the advantages of excellent anti-space radiation capability, high conversion efficiency, long service life and the like. As a novel solar cell with excellent performance, the P-type TOPCon cell can adapt to a harsh space environment and meet the demand of modern spacecraft for high-performance power supplies.

The invention relates to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage, and discloses a phosphorus-doped nanocarbon material and a preparation method and application thereof. The phosphorus-doped nanocarbon material has a porous sheet structure, containing micropores and mesopores; its BET total specific surface area is 600-1500m 2 / g, the proportion of micropore specific surface area to total specific surface area is less than 20%; the total pore volume is 3‑6cm 3 / g, the proportion of micropore volume to total pore volume is less than 15%; the molar percentage of carbon on the surface of the nanocarbon material is 70-95%, and the molar percentage of phosphorus is 0.01-0.5% as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The negative electrode of the lithium ion capacitor containing the phosphorus-doped nanocarbon material exhibits high specific capacity and excellent cycle stability. The lithium ion supercapacitor composed of the negative electrode of the lithium ion capacitor and the commercial activated carbon YP-50F positive electrode has a high energy density.

The application provides a preparation method of a bifunctional electrolysis water nitrogen-phosphorus doped high-entropy catalyst, and belongs to the technical field of hydrogen production by electrolysis of water. The method first pretreats a metal substrate, then adsorbs a five-metal precursor solution containing nickel, molybdenum, cobalt, zirconium and iron by immersion, and rapidly constructs a high-entropy oxide structure by using instantaneous Joule heat technology. The core innovation is to use the reducing atmosphere generated by the in-situ decomposition of ammonium hypophosphite and sodium hypophosphite in the Joule heat process to realize the synchronous nitrogen-phosphorus modification of the material surface, which shortens the time-consuming of the traditional process from several hours to seconds and significantly reduces the energy consumption. The finally prepared catalyst has excellent hydrogen evolution (HER) and oxygen evolution (OER) bifunctional activity and chemical stability: the OER overpotential is less than 230 mV, and the HER overpotential is less than 50 mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm ‑2 The electrolysis voltage remains stable in fluctuation electrolysis test, start-stop test and constant current electrolysis, and has excellent stability.

The application belongs to the technical field of solar photovoltaic materials, and particularly discloses a preparation method of phosphorus-doped silicon master alloy. A double-temperature-zone horizontal furnace is used, and zinc phosphide is used as a dopant. A sealed quartz horizontal ampoule is arranged in the double-temperature-zone horizontal furnace. A graphite boat is arranged in the high-temperature section of the quartz horizontal ampoule, and polycrystalline silicon material is arranged in the graphite boat. A quartz crucible is arranged in the low-temperature section, and zinc phosphide is arranged in the quartz crucible. Different temperatures of the high-temperature section and the low-temperature section are set, and the temperature is kept for a period of time, and then the temperature is reduced to obtain the phosphorus-doped silicon master alloy. The speed of synthesizing the phosphorus-doped silicon master alloy is fast, the method is safe and reliable, the requirement for equipment is low, and the manufacturing cost of the phosphorus-doped silicon master alloy is greatly reduced.

This invention discloses a method for preparing a phosphorus-metal alloy co-doped hard carbon composite material. The method involves adding red phosphorus and a crosslinking agent to a solid resin and mixing them uniformly using a ball mill. The mixture is then heated and cured at 300-500℃ to obtain a porous intermediate. This porous intermediate is then mixed uniformly with metal alloy powder and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, followed by carbonization at 1200-1500℃ for 1-6 hours, and finally pulverized to obtain the phosphorus-metal co-doped hard carbon composite material. This composite material utilizes the porous hard carbon generated during the carbonization of the solid resin, and incorporates a high-specific-capacity metal alloy within its pores to increase specific capacity and reduce expansion. Furthermore, the pore-forming effect of phosphorus doping enhances sodium storage capacity, and the bonding function of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, along with the formation of inorganic sodium salts after carbonization, improves the initial efficiency of the material. The resulting material exhibits high specific capacity, high initial efficiency, and excellent cycling performance when applied to sodium ions.

The invention provides a preparation method of a phosphorus-doped czochralski silicon single crystal with a relatively high effective segregation coefficient and the silicon single crystal, and belongs to the technical field of semiconductor material preparation, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: melting a polycrystalline silicon material by using an upper and lower double-area independent temperature control heater under an argon protective atmosphere to form upper and lower different state layers, doping phosphorus in a molten layer to obtain a doped layer with a specific concentration, and preparing the doped layer with the specific concentration. And pulling the crystal at a preset crystal pulling rate, adjusting the temperature control heater to melt back the solidification layer so as to maintain the phosphorus element concentration constant, and continuing crystal pulling until the silicon single crystal is finished after the solidification layer is completely melted. According to the preparation method of the phosphorus-doped czochralski silicon single crystal with the relatively high effective segregation coefficient and the silicon single crystal, the yield of the silicon single crystal can be remarkably improved.