6results about How to "Achieve passivation" patented technology

The invention belongs to the field of stainless steel pickling, and particularly relates to an austenitic stainless steel whole-hydrochloric-acid-based stepped pickling method. At present, stainless steel pickling is mainly based on a mixed acid pickling (nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid) system, the problem of three-waste discharge exists in the pickling process, the pickling process is only suitable for removing ferritic stainless steel with weak binding force between an oxide layer and a metal matrix through pickling, and the oxide layers on the surfaces of ferritic cold plate stainless steel and austenitic stainless steel are difficult to remove. In order to solve the problems, hydrochloric acid is used for providing an acid environment, a pre-pickling and grading final pickling cooperative treatment method is adopted, a compact oxide layer on the surface of the austenitic stainless steel can be effectively removed, surface polishing and surface passivation can be achieved through the anodic polarization effect, and the stainless steel surface after pickling is free of pitting corrosion and intergranular corrosion phenomena; and the pickled stainless steel surface has high smoothness, the leveling and polishing quality of the BA plate can be remarkably improved, meanwhile, the production cost is low, and pickling waste liquid can be regenerated and recycled.

The utility model relates to a low-order pulverized coal pyrolysis system of an internal heating type rotary furnace. The low-order pulverized coal pyrolysis system consists of a heat carrier system, a pulverized coal drying system, a pulverized coal pyrolysis system, a waste heat recovery system, a semicoke cooling system and an oil gas recovery system, a hot blast stove unit is adopted to produce a hot gas carrier for pulverized coal drying and pulverized coal pyrolysis, a rotary furnace adopting a hot flue gas carrier is adopted to dry pulverized coal, an internal heating rotary furnace adopting a hot gas carrier is adopted to pyrolyze pulverized coal, a coke particle moving bed is adopted to separate high-temperature oil gas from dust, and a rotary furnace adopting a dividing wall heat exchanger and a flue gas cold carrier is adopted to cool semi-coke. The system heat efficiency is improved, the energy consumption of the system is reduced, the amount of coal dust brought into an oil gas recovery system by the raw gas is reduced, the yield of a coal tar product and the content of effective components, especially H2, CO and CH4, in pyrolysis gas are improved, and the heat value of the product gas is 3500-4500 kcal / Nm < 3 >.

The application provides a perovskite thin film and a preparation process thereof and a perovskite solar cell, and belongs to the technical field of solar cells.The perovskite thin film comprises the following preparation steps: mixing, stirring, heating and ultrasonicating MXene powder, anhydrous dichloromethane and succinyl chloride, filtering and washing, mixing with anhydrous ethanol and performing suction filtration, and heating and drying to obtain a composite mesh; mixing, stirring, ultrasonicating and filtering 1-allyl-3-methyl imidazole iodide, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone and anhydrous acetonitrile to obtain a buffer; laying the first piece of composite mesh on a substrate, performing hot pressing treatment, dropping the buffer and performing spin coating, irradiating with ultraviolet light, dropping a precursor solution and performing spin coating, laying the second piece of composite mesh, dropping ethyl acetate and performing spin coating, adjusting humidity, and heating and annealing to obtain the perovskite thin film.The perovskite thin film prepared by the application can improve the open-circuit voltage, the fill factor and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

This invention provides a method for preparing a K2CrO4-regulated SnO2 composite electron transport layer, comprising: S1 dissolving urea in deionized water, adding thioglycolic acid, hydrochloric acid solution and SnCl2·2H2O to the deionized water to obtain a SnO2 precursor solution; S2 immersing a pretreated conductive glass substrate in the diluted SnO2 precursor solution for a first heating reaction to obtain a deposited SnO2 conductive glass substrate; S3 adding a K2CrO4 aqueous solution to the deposited SnO2 conductive glass substrate for a second heating reaction to obtain a deposited SnO2 / K2CrO4 conductive glass substrate; and S4 washing and annealing the deposited SnO2 / K2CrO4 conductive glass substrate to form a K2CrO4-regulated SnO2 electron transport layer. Introducing K2CrO4 as an oxidizing additive during the chemical bath deposition process allows for the synergistic regulation of the crystallization process, electrical properties, and band structure of SnO2ETL. This results in a K2CrO4-regulated SnO2 electron transport layer with low trap density, high conductivity, and ideal energy level arrangement, significantly improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells and enhancing their operational stability and lifespan.

The invention belongs to the technical field of perovskite solar cells, and provides a perovskite thin film based on a volatile additive and a preparation method and application thereof. According to the perovskite thin film provided by the invention, the perovskite matrix and the volatile additive are used as main raw material components, and the volatile additive comprises at least one of a beta-diketone compound, a carboxylic acid compound, an amide compound and a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound. The volatile additive promotes crystallization of perovskite in a large-grain and highly preferred orientation mode, crystal growth can be effectively regulated and controlled in the annealing process, bulk phase or surface defect passivation is achieved, interface performance is optimized, and finally the high-quality perovskite thin film with larger grain size and remarkably reduced grain boundaries is successfully prepared. And the volatile additive does not remain in the film after volatilization. The perovskite thin film provided by the invention can be used for preparing a perovskite solar cell device.

The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas well cementation, in particular to a geopolymer activator, and aims to solve the problem of insufficient adjustability of thickening time of fly ash geopolymers excited by reactive excitants such as sodium carbonate and calcium hydroxide due to too high dissolution rate of calcium hydroxide. The geopolymer activator provided by the invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-12 parts of high-temperature burnt calcium oxide; 10 to 12 parts of medium-temperature burnt calcium oxide; 9-11 parts of low-temperature burnt calcium oxide; 40 to 60 parts of sodium carbonate; and 5-31 parts of sodium sulfate. The geopolymer activator has the advantages that the release rate is low, and the thickening time of the geopolymer prepared from the geopolymer activator is easy to regulate and control, and can well meet the operation construction of oil and gas well cementing.