11results about How to "Achieve passivation" patented technology

The invention belongs to the field of stainless steel pickling, and particularly relates to an austenitic stainless steel whole-hydrochloric-acid-based stepped pickling method. At present, stainless steel pickling is mainly based on a mixed acid pickling (nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid) system, the problem of three-waste discharge exists in the pickling process, the pickling process is only suitable for removing ferritic stainless steel with weak binding force between an oxide layer and a metal matrix through pickling, and the oxide layers on the surfaces of ferritic cold plate stainless steel and austenitic stainless steel are difficult to remove. In order to solve the problems, hydrochloric acid is used for providing an acid environment, a pre-pickling and grading final pickling cooperative treatment method is adopted, a compact oxide layer on the surface of the austenitic stainless steel can be effectively removed, surface polishing and surface passivation can be achieved through the anodic polarization effect, and the stainless steel surface after pickling is free of pitting corrosion and intergranular corrosion phenomena; and the pickled stainless steel surface has high smoothness, the leveling and polishing quality of the BA plate can be remarkably improved, meanwhile, the production cost is low, and pickling waste liquid can be regenerated and recycled.

The present invention relates to a passivation method for a perovskite film, comprising the following steps: 1) preparing a FAPbI3 perovskite film rich in lead iodide grains on the surface; 2) preparing a passivation layer: applying a benzamidine hydrochloride solution to the surface of the FAPbI3 perovskite film by a slit coating method, and then annealing, and the benzamidine hydrochloride reacts with the lead iodide on the surface of the FAPbI3 perovskite film to form a low-dimensional passivation layer, thereby achieving passivation of the perovskite film. The passivation method of the present invention can effectively eliminate defects in the perovskite film, form a low-dimensional perovskite on the surface of the three-dimensional FAPbI3 perovskite film, and passivate the original film well, so that the stability and photoelectric performance of the perovskite film are significantly improved, and the perovskite film is suitable for preparing a large-area perovskite solar cell module, and has huge commercial application potential.

The invention provides a method for spontaneously passivating the lower surface of a perovskite thin film, which comprises the following steps of: adding 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-pyrrolidone into a perovskite precursor solution, and preparing the perovskite thin film by using the 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-pyrrolidone. The invention also provides an application of the method in preparation of a perovskite battery device and the perovskite battery device. A perovskite light absorption layer of the perovskite battery device adopts a perovskite film obtained after treatment by the method. The method has the advantages that (1) 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-pyrrolidone is added into the perovskite precursor solution, a dopant in the prepared perovskite thin film can be spontaneously deposited on the lower surface of the perovskite thin film, passivation of defects on the lower surface of the perovskite thin film is effectively achieved, and the defects are reduced; (2) the operation is simple, the battery preparation process is simplified, and the cost is reduced; and (3) the efficiency corresponding to the perovskite solar photovoltaic device is high.

The utility model relates to a low-order pulverized coal pyrolysis system of an internal heating type rotary furnace. The low-order pulverized coal pyrolysis system consists of a heat carrier system, a pulverized coal drying system, a pulverized coal pyrolysis system, a waste heat recovery system, a semicoke cooling system and an oil gas recovery system, a hot blast stove unit is adopted to produce a hot gas carrier for pulverized coal drying and pulverized coal pyrolysis, a rotary furnace adopting a hot flue gas carrier is adopted to dry pulverized coal, an internal heating rotary furnace adopting a hot gas carrier is adopted to pyrolyze pulverized coal, a coke particle moving bed is adopted to separate high-temperature oil gas from dust, and a rotary furnace adopting a dividing wall heat exchanger and a flue gas cold carrier is adopted to cool semi-coke. The system heat efficiency is improved, the energy consumption of the system is reduced, the amount of coal dust brought into an oil gas recovery system by the raw gas is reduced, the yield of a coal tar product and the content of effective components, especially H2, CO and CH4, in pyrolysis gas are improved, and the heat value of the product gas is 3500-4500 kcal / Nm < 3 >.

According to the wet-process lithium extraction method of the lithium iron phosphate black powder material, the characteristic that distribution differences of all components of black powder in different particle sizes are large is utilized, the proportion of the black powder particles in different particle sizes is adjusted through a compounding technology, then the content of all the components in a system is regulated and controlled, the content of active substances is selectively increased, and therefore the leaching rate of main elements is increased. Specifically, the mass content of particles with the particle size smaller than 75 micrometers is adjusted to be larger than 25%, and meanwhile the mass content of particles with the particle size ranging from 75 micrometers to 300 micrometers is adjusted to be larger than 40%, so that the flotation efficiency is guaranteed, and the leaching efficiency is also guaranteed.

The invention relates to an electrolyte and an electrochemical device. The electrolyte comprises an electrolyte, an organic solvent and an additive, wherein the additive comprises a compound A and a compound B; the compound A has a structure: # imgabs0 #, wherein R1 to R5 are independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a halogenated or unsubstituted C1-C10 saturated alkyl group, a halogenated or unsubstituted C1-C10 saturated alkoxy group, a halogenated or unsubstituted C2-C10 unsaturated alkyl group, and a halogenated or unsubstituted C2-C10 unsaturated alkoxy group; and the compound B is silicate ester. The high-temperature storage performance and the cycle performance of the battery can be improved through multi-aspect effects and synergistic cooperation of the compound A and the compound B. According to the lithium ion battery adopting the electrolyte, the capacity retention rate and the thickness swelling rate can be remarkably improved under a high-temperature cycle condition and a high-temperature storage condition.

The application provides a perovskite thin film and a preparation process thereof and a perovskite solar cell, and belongs to the technical field of solar cells.The perovskite thin film comprises the following preparation steps: mixing, stirring, heating and ultrasonicating MXene powder, anhydrous dichloromethane and succinyl chloride, filtering and washing, mixing with anhydrous ethanol and performing suction filtration, and heating and drying to obtain a composite mesh; mixing, stirring, ultrasonicating and filtering 1-allyl-3-methyl imidazole iodide, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone and anhydrous acetonitrile to obtain a buffer; laying the first piece of composite mesh on a substrate, performing hot pressing treatment, dropping the buffer and performing spin coating, irradiating with ultraviolet light, dropping a precursor solution and performing spin coating, laying the second piece of composite mesh, dropping ethyl acetate and performing spin coating, adjusting humidity, and heating and annealing to obtain the perovskite thin film.The perovskite thin film prepared by the application can improve the open-circuit voltage, the fill factor and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

This invention provides a method for preparing a K2CrO4-regulated SnO2 composite electron transport layer, comprising: S1 dissolving urea in deionized water, adding thioglycolic acid, hydrochloric acid solution and SnCl2·2H2O to the deionized water to obtain a SnO2 precursor solution; S2 immersing a pretreated conductive glass substrate in the diluted SnO2 precursor solution for a first heating reaction to obtain a deposited SnO2 conductive glass substrate; S3 adding a K2CrO4 aqueous solution to the deposited SnO2 conductive glass substrate for a second heating reaction to obtain a deposited SnO2 / K2CrO4 conductive glass substrate; and S4 washing and annealing the deposited SnO2 / K2CrO4 conductive glass substrate to form a K2CrO4-regulated SnO2 electron transport layer. Introducing K2CrO4 as an oxidizing additive during the chemical bath deposition process allows for the synergistic regulation of the crystallization process, electrical properties, and band structure of SnO2ETL. This results in a K2CrO4-regulated SnO2 electron transport layer with low trap density, high conductivity, and ideal energy level arrangement, significantly improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells and enhancing their operational stability and lifespan.

The invention belongs to the technical field of perovskite solar cells, and provides a perovskite thin film based on a volatile additive and a preparation method and application thereof. According to the perovskite thin film provided by the invention, the perovskite matrix and the volatile additive are used as main raw material components, and the volatile additive comprises at least one of a beta-diketone compound, a carboxylic acid compound, an amide compound and a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound. The volatile additive promotes crystallization of perovskite in a large-grain and highly preferred orientation mode, crystal growth can be effectively regulated and controlled in the annealing process, bulk phase or surface defect passivation is achieved, interface performance is optimized, and finally the high-quality perovskite thin film with larger grain size and remarkably reduced grain boundaries is successfully prepared. And the volatile additive does not remain in the film after volatilization. The perovskite thin film provided by the invention can be used for preparing a perovskite solar cell device.

The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas well cementation, in particular to a geopolymer activator, and aims to solve the problem of insufficient adjustability of thickening time of fly ash geopolymers excited by reactive excitants such as sodium carbonate and calcium hydroxide due to too high dissolution rate of calcium hydroxide. The geopolymer activator provided by the invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-12 parts of high-temperature burnt calcium oxide; 10 to 12 parts of medium-temperature burnt calcium oxide; 9-11 parts of low-temperature burnt calcium oxide; 40 to 60 parts of sodium carbonate; and 5-31 parts of sodium sulfate. The geopolymer activator has the advantages that the release rate is low, and the thickening time of the geopolymer prepared from the geopolymer activator is easy to regulate and control, and can well meet the operation construction of oil and gas well cementing.

A composting method for improving composting to reduce antibiotics, passivate heavy metals and reduce nitrogen loss, which relates to the field of composting. The present invention aims to solve the problem that currently it is impossible to effectively solve the antibiotic and heavy metal pollution in livestock and poultry manure composting and reduce nitrogen loss. The present invention mixes livestock and poultry manure with crop straw, adds antibiotics and heavy metal passivation adjuvants in batches, and adds a compost regulator, adjusts the moisture content and C / N, and then composts. The temperature is controlled during composting, and composting fermentation treatment is performed. The antibiotic and heavy metal passivation adjuvant is composed of carbonized sodium lignin sulfonate, mesoporous nano-silica and red mud. The scheme of the present invention can reduce the environmental pollution of livestock and poultry manure composting and improve the application prospects of livestock and poultry manure composting.