226 results about "Electron pair" patented technology

The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention includes a positive electrode containing a lithium-containing transition metal oxide as a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and a non-aqueous electrolyte. The non-aqueous electrolyte includes a non-aqueous solvent and a solute dissolved therein, and the non-aqueous solvent includes a solvent having an electron-withdrawing substituent. The solvent having an electron-withdrawing substituent includes at least one selected from the group consisting of a sulfonic solvent, a nitrile solvent, a ketonic solvent, a fluorine-containing solvent, a chlorine-containing solvent and a carboxylic acid ester solvent. The separator includes a material containing an electron-withdrawing substituent or an atom having an unshared electron pair.

The present invention provides a method for preparing a nano silver-carrying titanium dioxide antiseptic. The aqueous ammonia solution and silver nitrate solution are dropped into the titanium sulfate solution simultaneously with continuous stirring. The final reaction pH is controlled by ammonia water. The titanium and silver are leaded to coprecipitate. The solution is filtered and washed after maturing. Afterwards the powder of nano silver-carrying titanium dioxide antiseptic is prepared by drying and calcining. The titanic acid or metatitanic can also be taken as precursor. The slurry containing 15-25% of recursor is added with silver nitrate solution with a concentration of 20-30gL<-1>, and the phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid is added with a concentration of 10-15mgL<-1>. The solution is reacted, filtered and washed under the temperature of 50-60 DEG C. The solid object is dried, crushed, calcined and cooled, and the power of nano silver-carrying titanium dioxide antiseptic is obtained. The invention uses generating an indissoluble silver salt with a preparing technique of titanium dioxide to obtain the sustained-releasing of silver and color changing prevention. Furthermore the complex of the electron pair and the cavity is avoided. The photocatalysis antimicrobial effect of titanium dioxide is reinforced. The color, luster, granularity and dispersibility of the product can be well controlled.

The invention discloses a photoconductive detector based on boron-doped silicon quantum dot/graphene/silicon dioxide and a preparation method thereof. The photoconductive detector includes a p-type silicon substrate, a silicon dioxide isolation layer, a top electrode, a graphene film, a boron-doped silicon quantum dot film and a bottom electrode. The photoconductive detector is capable of carrying out wide-spectrum detection, so that a problem of low response to infrared detection by the traditional silicon-based PIN structure can be solved. Because the graphene is used to form an active layer and a transparent electrode, a dead layer is eliminated and incident light absorption is enhanced. With the silicon dioxide isolation layer, the silicon surface state can be reduced. The detector can work normally at a low bias voltage; the absorbed light of the boron-doped silicon quantum dot layer is converted into photon-generated carriers and the generated photon-generated carriers being hole electron pairs are separated under the effect of the built-in electric field, so that the high gain can be obtained. In addition, the preparation method is simple; the cost is low; the response degree is high; the response speed is fast; the internal gain is high; the switch ratio is low; and integration is easy to realize.

Fluorophore compounds and methods for their use are disclosed. The fluorophores contain a 2-dicyanomethylen-3-cyano-2,5-dihydrofuran (DCDHF) moiety and one or more donor groups conjugated to the 2-dicyanomethylen-3-cyano-2,5-dihydrofuran group. The donor groups can contain atoms with free electron pairs such as oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, or phosphorous. The fluorophore compounds can be used to label and detect biological molecules and biological structures either in vivo or in vitro.

The invention relates to a light/ozone-electricity-adsorption reaction device and method for extracting copper by degrading browning waste liquor. The device comprises a light/ozone synergistic decomposing device, an electrolysis device for degrading and recovering metal copper and an adsorption elution device. In the device, a photocatalyst and an oxygen catalyst are loaded on a porous activated carbon carrier with high specific surface area; under the synergistic effect of ultraviolet light and ozone, photo-generated electron pairs are prevented from compounding, long-time catalytic treatment activity is kept, a free radical.OH with strong oxidation activity is generated, organic matters in the browning waste liquor can be oxidized and degraded, and the complexing bond of the complex in the browning waste liquor can be broken; insoluble reticular titanium base material serves as an anode, a copper sheet material serves as a cathode, organic matters in the browning liquor is continuously degraded by electrolysis to generate a second-grade degrading product which is easy to adsorb, and valuable metal copper is recovered on the cathode; and finally, common activated carbon is used for adsorbing to effectively treat the browning waste liquor, so as to realize green and environment-friendly treatment of the browning waste liquor.

A piezoelectric vibration element is provided which includes a piezoelectric substrate formed of a thickness slip based piezoelectric material and a metal layer formed on a surface of the piezoelectric substrate. In the piezoelectric vibration element, a surface of the metal layer is covered by a layer formed by chemical absorption with a material having a nonbonding electron pair.

The invention provides an LED epitaxial layer growing method and an LED epitaxial layer. The method for growing a P-type GaN layer comprises the steps that A, NH3 and Cp2Mg are introduced in a reaction chamber at the temperature of 900 DEG C to 950 DEG C, wherein pressure of a reaction cavity ranges from 200 mbar to 600 mbar, TMGa is closed, and pretreatment of doping Mg is carried out for 10 minutes-20 minutes; B, TMGa is introduced, Cp2Mg is closed, a GaN layer grows for 20 minutes-40 minutes, and the thickness of GaN is 5 nm-10 nm; the step A and the step B are repeated ten to twenty times until the total thickness of the P-type GaN layer is 80 nm-200 nm. According to the method, delta doping is used for growing the P-type GaN layer, the crystal quality of the P-type GaN layer is improved, the dislocation density is reduced, and hole concentration and the migration rate of P-type GaN are improved; more hole-electron pairs can be provided for light-emitting active areas of an LED device, the composite probability is improved, the brightness is promoted, and therefore photoelectric property of the LED device is improved.

The invention discloses article detection equipment, comprising an X-ray machine, an X-ray machine collimator, a transmission detector array and at least one scattering detector array. Each scattering detector array comprises a plurality of identical detection modules which are arranged into i rows and j lines, wherein an transmission section, transmitted by X-rays, of an article is divided into identical partitioned areas of i rows and xj lines, and the ixj detection modules of each scattering detector array correspond to the ixj partitioned areas of the transmission section of the article in a one-to-one manner, and are used for detecting electron-pair-effect annihilation photons and Compton scattering photons generated by the X-rays at the corresponding partitioned areas, and acquiring atomic number of each partitioned area according to the specific vale of the count of the detected electron-pair-effect annihilation photons to the count of the detected Compton scattering photons, so as to form a three-dimensional image of the article. In addition, the invention further provides a method for detecting the article by using the article detection equipment.

A superconducting logic cell includes at least one quantum phase-slip junction (QPSJ) for receiving at least one input and responsively providing at least one output, each QPSJ being configured such that when an input voltage of an input voltage pulse exceeds a critical value, a quantized charge of a Cooper electron pair tunnels across said QPSJ as an output, when the input voltage is less than the critical value, no quantized charge of the Cooper electron pair tunnels across said QPSJ as the output, where the presence and absence of the quantized charge in the form of a constant area current pulse in the output form two logic states, and the at least one QPSJ is biased with a bias voltage. The superconducting logic cell further includes at least one Josephson junction (JJ) coupled with the at least one QPSJ to perform one or more logic operations.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a silver phosphate/graphite phase carbon nitride composite photocatalyst. The preparation method comprises: preparing g-C3N4 through thermal condensation polymerization of urea, carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the prepared g-C3N4 while mechanically stirring to uniformly disperse the g-C3N4 in water, adding AgNO3, dissolving, and adding a Na2HPO4solution in a dropwise manner under ultrasonic vibration to obtain the Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 composite photocatalyst. According to the present invention, the Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 composite photocatalyst is preparedby using the ultrasonic assisted precipitation method, wherein the crystallinity and the dispersibility of the crystal are increased by using the unique characteristics of ultrasonic cavitation phenomenon and strong mechanical oscillation of ultrasonic waves so as to prepare the composite material with the small particle size, and the heterojunction formed between the Ag3PO4 and the g-C3N4 can significantly improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated hole-electron pairs so as to efficiently degrade organic dyes.

The invention discloses a Hall thruster with double magnetic screens, and belongs to the technical field of Hall thrusters. The Hall thruster solves the problems that in an existing Hall thruster channel, due to the fact that electrons and the wall face interact frequently, energy deposition of the wall face is caused, and heat instability and energy loss are caused. According to the Hall thruster, an additional magnetic screen is additionally arranged on a traditional Hall thruster to form a double-magnetic-screen structure, the double magnetic screens are used for carrying out secondary short circuit on a magnetic field close to the wall face, and therefore magnetic lines of force are guided not to penetrate through the channel and an anode any more, the energy deposition problem of theelectrons on the wall face is reduced, and the electron current is controlled. The double magnetic screens are used for solving the energy deposition problem of the electrons in the channel on the wall face, and the problems of discharge heat instability of the thruster and performance loss caused by energy loss are avoided. Meanwhile, the electron current is restrained, and the current utilization rate is increased. In addition, the thickness of the additional magnetic screen and insulation between an inner magnetic screen and the anode are guaranteed, the robustness and the service life of the additional magnetic screen are guaranteed, and the Hall thruster can effectively work for a long time.

The invention discloses cerium ion electrolyte using a silver ion as an anode catalyst and a preparation method thereof and aims to provide electrolyte capable of effectively improving the reaction rate of oxidation reduction of Ce3+/Ce4+ electron pairs and improving the charging and discharging efficiency and cycle performance of cells and a preparation method thereof. The electrolyte comprises organic acid-containing or inorganic acid-containing aqueous solution using a cerium ion as a cation, wherein Ag+ content of the aqueous solution is 0.001 to 0.01mol/L. The organic acid is methylsulfonic acid, and the inorganic acid is sulfuric acid or nitric acid. The Ag+ added in the electrolyte is used as the anode catalyst. The cerium ion is a rare-earth element ion and forms a complex with acid radicals and solvent molecules in the solution. The addition of the Ag+ can influence the coordination of the cerium ion, promote the electron transport of the cerium ion on the surface of an electrode, improve the electrochemical performance of the Ce3+/Ce4+ electron pairs, and effectively improve the charging and discharging efficiency and cycle performance of cells.

The invention discloses preparation and a photocatalytic degradation method of a TiO2/SiO2 composite oxide; a structure and optical properties of the catalyst are characterized by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, specific surface area, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection, thermal gravimetric-differential thermal and fluorescence and other techniques. Terephthalic acid is used as a probe molecule, and the chemical fluorescence technique is combined for researching generation of hydroxyl free radicals of the TiO2/SiO2 composite photocatalyst surface. Photocatalytic degradation of a rhodamine B solution shows that the TiO2/SiO2 composite oxide has the degradation rate of 98.6% under visible light illumination for 40 min, while the degradation rate of pure TiO2 is only 11.9%. When the titanium-silicon molar ratio is 1 to 1, the TiO2/SiO2 apparent first-order rate constant is more than 33 times that of pure TiO2 and is more than six times that of P25, the reason of photocatalytic activity enhancement is attributed to effective inhibition of hole-electron pair combination. After the TiO2/SiO2 photocatalyst is reused for five times, the rhodamine B degradation rate can reach 89.2%. The degradation of the photocatalyst on rhodamine B has specificity.

The invention discloses a method and a device for simulating the optical synapse of an organism, belonging to the technical field of biomimetic synapse. The method comprises steps of generating an optical signal for simulating an action potential of a synaptic front end in an organism, using a hole electron pair generated by the semiconductor photosensitive material responsive to the optical signal to carry out directional movement under an electric field, thereby changing the concentration of carriers in the postsynaptic end, thereby increasing or decreasing the current passing through the postsynaptic end to simulate the basic performance of the biological synapse stimulated by the optical signal. The device includes a substrate, a first electrode, a second electrode, a postsynaptic layer, a semiconductor photosensitive layer, a presynaptic layer, a light source signal input device, a backgate signal input device, and a source/drain signal input device. The invention realizes the basic performance of the simulated biological synapse under the stimulation of the optical signal, can greatly reduce the power consumption caused by the existence of the bus, and makes it possible to directly convert the optical image into the synapse weight and bring the optical image into the artificial neural network for image recognition.

The invention discloses a microbial fuel cell electrode having a photocatalytic synergistic effect as well as a preparation method and an application of the electrode. The electrode comprises a carbon cloth supporting body, a tourmaline and reducing substance mixed powder layer and a modified photocatalytic material, wherein the tourmaline and reducing substance mixed powder layer are attached to the outer surface of the carbon cloth supporting body, and the modified photocatalytic material is attached to the surface of the tourmaline and reducing substance mixed powder layer. Microbes and a photocatalyst in the electrode have a coupling effect during degradation of wastewater; the modified photocatalyst has the visible-light response, and limitations on usage conditions of the photocatalyst are greatly reduced; tourmaline has pyroelectricity and piezoelectricity and can produce permanent weak current, the service life of hole-electron pairs produced on the surface of the photocatalytic material is prolonged under the effect of the current, and the photocatalytic efficiency is improved. Besides, tourmaline and reducing substance mixed powder can effectively ease transfer of holes-electrons or oxidized ions produced by photocatalysis to a biological membrane, and the activity of the microbes is guaranteed.

The present invention provides a photovoltaic cell comprising a photovoltaic conversion layer and a pair of electrodes. The photovoltaic conversion layer, being capable of converting incident light into a plurality hole-electron pairs, comprises a hole transport layer including a plurality of nanodots mixed therein for transporting the holes generated from the photovoltaic effect. The pair of electrodes are coupled respectively to two sides of the photovoltaic conversion layer for conducting holes and electrons. In another embodiment, the present invention further provides a method for forming the photovoltaic cell, wherein the nanodots are mixed in a solution formed of a hole transport material and then a hole transport layer having the nanodots is formed on a conductive substrate. In the photovoltaic cell having nanodots of the present invention, the hole mobility is enhanced so as to improve the efficiency of the photovoltaic cell.

Methods and reagents for site-selective functionalization of peptides and proteins. The methods most generally involve the reaction of a thioester with hydrazine. Reagents include bifunctional reagents of formula:

H₂N—NH—CH₂-M-L-FG

and salts thereof where M is a single bond or a chemical group carrying a non-bonding electron pair, such as —C(O)NR′—, where R′ is H, or an alkyl or aryl group; L is an optional linker group as described above; and FG is a functional group having reactivity that is orthongonal to that of the hydrazine group. FG can, among others, be an azide, alkenyl, alkynyl, nitrile (—CN) or triazole group and is preferably an azide group (—N₃). Methods and reagents can, for example, be combined with intein-mediated protein splicing to link proteins or fragments thereof to various chemical species or to a surface. Surface immobilization of proteins via the methods herein results in immobilized proteins which substantially retain biological activity and is thus useful for the generation of peptide or protein microarrays. Kits for functionalization and/or immobilization of peptides and proteins are provided as well as microarrays of peptides, proteins or both.

The invention relates to a method for measuring the mobility of an organic semiconductor material current carrier by utilizing an evanescent wave generated by a total internal reflection method as an excitation source. The method comprises the steps that: firstly, an organic semiconductor material film with thickness d is prepared on a semitransparent electrode and the vapor deposition of a layer of metal electrode is carried out; later, pulsed light is led to the surface of the semitransparent electrode by incidence at the angle that Theta<1> is more than or equal to Theta <c> and less than or equal to 90 DEG, the evanescent wave generated by the total internal reflection generates a hole-electron pair in the organic semiconductor material film; the hole or the electron carries out drift motion toward a cathode or an anode under the action of an electric field formed by externally applied voltage U and finally collected by the cathode or the anode, and a transient photocurrent is collected by a signal collection part, thus determining the time t for the hole or the electron to transit across the organic semiconductor material film and then obtaining the mobility of the organic semiconductor material current carrier, namely, Mu equals to d<2> divided by Ut. The method can control the generation quantity of photon-generated carriers by adjusting the lightness of the exciting light, thus improving the measurement accuracy of the mobility of the current carriers.

A vacuum pressure measuring device with an electron source has a reaction zone for forming ions by impact ionization, wherein the electron source communicates with the reaction zone via a passage for the electrons. The electron source is surrounded by an insulating housing with a vacuum chamber, and a partition part is designed as a membrane carrier, carrying a nanomembrane at least in one section, the membrane separating the vacuum chamber from the outer region in a gastight manner and being at least partially designed to be electron-permeable. The vacuum chamber has a cathode for the emission of electrons. In the region of and/or on the nanomembrane, an anode arrangement is provided such that electrons are conducted against the nanomembrane and at least partially through it. The nanomembrane abuts the vacuum chamber of the vacuum pressure measuring device.

The invention belongs to the field of photocatalytic materials, and particularly relates to a monatomic noble metal anchoring defect type WO3/TiO2 nanotube as well as preparation and application thereof. WO3 particle loaded TiO2 nanotubes are modified by adopting electrochemical reduction, and are subjected to electrochemical treatment to further load monatomic noble metals, so that the electron transport capacity and hole electron pair composite performance of the WO3 particle loaded TiO2 nanotubes are improved, and the photocatalytic performance of the WO3 particle loaded TiO2 nanotubes is improved. Oxygen vacancies on the surfaces of WO3 particles stabilize the monatomic noble metals, the noble metals are prevented from being agglomerated and inactivated, and the material is applied tophotocatalytic degradation of indoor volatile organic compounds and has higher degradation efficiency and stability.

The invention belongs to the technical field of inorganic functional materials and particularly discloses a preparation method of an Ag@AgCl/TiO2-graphene oxide composite. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing Ag@AgCl nanometer particles and GO, and directly carrying out hydrothermal reaction on a mixture and TiO2 under the alkaline condition to obtain the Ag@AgCl/TiO2-graphene oxide composite. Compared with an ordinary photocatalytic material, effective photocatalytic reaction can be carried out on the Ag@AgCl/TiO2-graphene oxide composite in both a visible light region and an ultraviolet light region, and a light source is more fully utilized; the composite can better adsorb pollutants with larger specific surface area and strong adsorption ability; and in presence of reduced graphene oxide, composite of photo-induced electron pairs can be effectively inhibited, and thus the photocatalytic performance is improved to a great extent. The Ag@AgCl/TiO2-graphene oxide composite is cheap and available in used raw materials and simple and feasible in preparation and composite processes and is a photocatalytic material with a great potentiality.

The invention provides a method for degrading clopyralid in water by performing electron beam irradiation, which relates to an efficient energy-saving water treatment technology. In the method, high-energy electrons are produced by using an electron accelerator under the irradiation condition and are used for treating a water body containing clopyralid. The energy of the electron accelerator used in the method is 1.8 MeV, the current intensity is 1mA, and the electron irradiation dosage is 5-50 KGy. 2-10 mM of hydrogen peroxide is added into a sample solution of the used clopyralid, and the pH value of the solution is adjusted to 7-11, so that the degradation is promoted, and the radiation dosage can be reduced appropriately.

The present disclosure relates to preparation of liquid salt including but not limiting to ionic liquid and applications thereof. More particularly, the present disclosure provides a process for preparing ionic liquid which comprises reacting at least one electron-pair acceptor and at least one electron-pair donor to form an adduct, and reacting the adduct with at least one electron-pair acceptor to prepare said salt. The present disclosure also provides for applications of the ionic liquid prepared in the present disclosure.

The invention belongs to the technical field of pollutant treatment, and particularly discloses cobalt-manganese hydrotalcite aerogel as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps:(1)adding Co(NO3)2.6H2O and a Mn(NO3)2 aqueous solution into water to form a salt solution, and then mixing the salt solution with an alkaline solution to obtain a precipitate, namely Co3MnLDH; and(2)mixing the Co3MnLDH with a graphene oxide solution, carrying out ultrasonic dispersion, adding sodium ascorbate, carrying out a heating reaction on the mixed solution,and carrying out freeze drying to obtain the cobalt-manganese hydrotalcite aerogel. Under excitation of visible light, hole-electron pairs of cobalt-manganese hydrotalcite are separated in an accelerated mode, electron conduction is accelerated through excellent electrical conductivity and a wide electron transfer channel of the three-dimensional aerogel, and then persulfate is promoted to generate more sulfate free radicals, hydroxyl free radicals and other active oxidants so as to oxidize and decompose organic pollutants, and finallywater and carbon dioxide are produced.