The invention discloses an anti-hard water composite water-soluble fertilizer and a preparation method of the anti-hard water composite water-soluble fertilizer. The existing composite water-soluble fertilizer is low in hard water resistance and cannot be used in saline-alkali areas. The anti-hard water composite water-soluble fertilizer contains the following components: 30-50% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, 0.5-2% of microelements including iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum and boron, 3-8% of humic acid, and water for the rest. The preparation method of the anti-hard water composite water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following steps: taking weathered coal, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, ammonium nitrate, potassium hydroxide and potassium nitrate as main materials; taking potassium pyrophosphate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylamide, ammonium polyphosphate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, methylsilane, xanthan gum, carrageenan and konjac gum mixture as an auxiliary anti-hard water slow release agent; taking ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium borate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate and ammonium molybdate as microelement additives; degrading, modifying, chelating, stabilizing and the like to obtain the anti-hard water composite water-soluble fertilizer. The anti-hard water composite water-soluble fertilizer is high in utilization rate, stable in product shape, convenient to use, resistant to hard water and the like, and is suitable for saline-alkali areas with harder water.