The invention relates to a polypropylene composite material with a low volatile organic compound (VOC), high strength and flame retardance and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of flame-retardant composite materials. The polypropylene composite material with low VOC, high strength and flame retardance is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55 to 75 parts of polypropylene copolymers, 10 to 25 parts of polypropylene homopolymers, 2 to 8 parts of tantalum carbide, 3 to 10 parts of tantalum hydroxide, 1 to 8 parts of glass fibers, 1 to 5 parts of elastomers, 0.1 to 0.5 part of coupling agent, 0.1 to 1.5 parts of anti-dropping agent, and 0.1 to 0.3 part of antioxidant. According to the polypropylene composite material disclosed by the invention, by screening of particle size distribution, length to diameter ratio distribution and specific surface area distribution of tantalum-based filler, the uniformity of flame retardance and absorption effect of the volatile organic compound, surface etching and treatment of the filler, and preparation of rigid masterbatch and enhanced masterbatch are achieved, so that the polypropylene composite material has low VOC, UL-94V-0 level flame-retardant effect, extremely good scratch resistance and excellent mechanical property such as high rigidity.