375results about How to "Reduce inactivation" patented technology

A composition for oral delivery of a poorly absorbed drug is disclosed. The composition includes the drug, an enhancer for increasing absorption of the drug through the intestinal mucosa, a promoter, which alone does not increase absorption of the drug through the intestinal mucosa, but which further increases the absorption of the drug in the presence of the enhancer, and optionally a protector for protecting the drug from physical or chemical decomposition or inactivation in the gastrointestinal tract. Illustrative enhancers include sucrose fatty acid esters, and illustrative promoters include aminosugars and amino acid derivatives, such as poly(amino acids). Illustrative protectors include methylcellulose, poly(vinyl alcohol), and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone).

The invention provides a Cs-supported silica-based catalyst. One of SBA-15, SiO2 or silicon dioxide prepared by a silica sol method is used as a carrier, the support is selected from one of Cs salt and a mixture of Cs and modified elements, the catalyst is prepared by a dipping method, the Cs content is 0.1wt%-10wt%, and the content of the modified elements is 0-2wt%. Meanwhile, the invention further provides a preparation method of the Cs-supported silica-based catalyst and application of the Cs-supported silica-based catalyst to the process of preparing methyl acrylate by catalyzing condensation reaction of methyl acetate and a methanal gas phase. The prepared catalyst is capable of realizing the aldol condensation of the methyl acetate and the methanal gas phase under proper conditions so as to prepare the methyl acrylate, wherein the activity of the Cs/SBA-15 catalyst is higher than that of other Cs-supported silica-based catalysts, and the selectivity on the methyl acrylate is good.

A method of catalytically reforming a reactant gas mixture using a pyrochlore catalyst material comprised of one or more pyrochlores having the composition A_2-w-xA′_wA″_xB_2-y-zB′_yB″_zO_7-Δ. Distribution of catalytically active metals throughout the structure at the B site creates an active and well dispersed metal locked into place in the crystal structure. This greatly reduces the metal sintering that typically occurs on supported catalysts used in reforming reactions, and reduces deactivation by sulfur and carbon. Further, oxygen mobility may also be enhanced by elemental exchange of promoters at sites in the pyrochlore. The pyrochlore catalyst material may be utilized in catalytic reforming reactions for the conversion of hydrocarbon fuels into synthesis gas (H₂+CO) for fuel cells, among other uses.

The invention relates to a niobium-containing compound catalyst for efficiently converting carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, which has high activity and selectivity for preparing hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) by dehydrolyzing saccharides and is an ideal catalyst for preparing HMF. When the reaction is performed under moderate conditions, the target product HMF can have a high yield. The catalyst is environment-friendly, is easy to separate and recycle, can be reused, is convenient and practical to operate, and can not corrode the equipment, thereby being an ideal solid acid catalyst for preparing HMF, and having significant industrial application meanings.

Undesirable gas oil components are selectively cracked or coked in a coking vessel by injecting an additive into the vapors of traditional coking processes in the coking vessel prior to fractionation. The additive contains catalyst(s), seeding agent(s), excess reactant(s), quenching agent(s), carrier(s), or any combination thereof to modify reaction kinetics to preferentially crack or coke these undesirable components that typically have a high propensity to coke. Exemplary embodiments of the present invention also provide methods to control the (1) coke crystalline structure and (2) the quantity and quality of volatile combustible materials (VCMs) in the resulting coke. That is, by varying the quantity and quality of the catalyst, seeding agent, and/or excess reactant the process may affect the quality and quantity of the coke produced, particularly with respect to the crystalline structure (or morphology) of the coke and the quantity & quality of the VCMs in the coke.

The invention discloses a hydrogenation and refining method of gasoline with poor quality, comprising the following steps: the base oil of gasoline contacts and reacts with hydrogenation protective agent at low temperature; after reaction effluent is mixed with circulation oil, the mixture sequentially contacts and reacts with hydrogenation desilication solvent and hyrorefining catalyst at high temperature; the reaction product is cooled and separated to obtain hydrogen-rich gas and refined gasoline fraction; and parts of refined gasoline fraction serves as circulation oil to return to the outlet of a first hydrogenation reaction area. The method can handle coker gasoline with high content of sulphur, nitrogen and olefin, and refined gasoline fraction can satisfy charging requirements of reforming pre-hydrogenation devices and steam cracking ethene preparing devices. The method of the invention can effectively slow coking speed of heating furnace tubes, greatly lowers pressure drop generation frequency of a main hydrogenation reactor, improves the operating severity of the main hydrogenation reactor and retards the deactivation speed of catalyst at the bottom of a refined reactor.

The invention relates to a lamellar catalyst containing mesoporous titanium-silicate molecular sieves and a preparation method and application of the stratiform catalyst. The stratiform catalyst is provided with a 12-membered ring hole and sine reticulation hole system of an MWW high-silicon molecular sieve, wherein the interlayer is provided with a 2-10 nm mesoporous structure, 4-coordinated titanium or 4-coordinated and 6-coordinated titanium. The preparation method comprises the following steps: an MWW high-silicon molecular sieve containing a template agent serves as a precursor for swelling, then filtering, washing and drying are carried out, pillaring, filtering and drying are performed, then hydrolysis reaction is realized to form an inorganic wall and a mesoporous structure in the interlayer of the MWW high-silicon molecular sieve, re-filtering, re-washing and re-drying are carried out, and high-temperature calcination is carried out to obtain titanium-containing MCM-36 of a microporous-mesoporous composite structure. According to the invention, as a new silicone source and titanium source hybrid pillaring agent is used for pillaring to prepare the titanium-containing mesoporous pure titanium silicate molecular sieve, Bronsted acid site of boron or aluminium in the molecular sieve precursor is eliminated.

Provided are isolated cellobiohydrolases comprising a modified Glycoside Hydrolase (GH) Family 7 catalytic domain, a GH Family 7 catalytic domain and a modified Family 1 carbohydrate binding module (CBM), or both a modified Family 7 catalytic domain and a modified Family 1 CBM. Such isolated cellobiohydrolases exhibit from 45% to about 99.9% amino acid sequence identity to amino acids 1-436 of SEQ ID NO: 1 or to amino acids 1-438 of SEQ ID NO: 2 and improved activity on process substrates. Also provided are genetic constructs and genetically modified microbes for expressing the isolated cellobiohydrolases, a process for producing the isolated cellobiohydrolases, cellulase enzyme mixtures comprising the isolated cellobiohydrolase and a process for hydrolysing a cellulosic substrate with such cellulase enzyme mixtures.

The invention provides a nanocrystalline accumulation meso-microporous ZSM-5 catalyst and preparation and application thereof. The catalyst is aggregated by small grains with particle sizes of 20-100 nm to an aggregation state with a particle size of 200-2000 nm, the aggregation state forms the catalyst, the specific surface area of the catalyst is 350-420 m<2>/g, and the pore volume of the catalyst is 0.25-0.35 cm<3>/g. According to the invention, a mesoporous-microporous composite nanocrystalline accumulation state ZSM-5 molecular sieve is directly synthesized; under the condition of adding no second template, a solid silicon source is pretreated to generate different degrees of depolymerization, the material ratio of the synthesis system is further adjusted, a sodium salt is added to adjust the growth speed in a crystallization process of the molecular sieve, and meanwhile, a two-stage crystallization method is adopted to promote the generation of a crystal nucleus at a low temperature and promote the growth of a crystal at a high temperature, so as to synthesize a serial grain aggregation state ZSM-5 molecular sieve.

The invention relates to a method for preparing 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), an important platform compound, by directly using a fructose source biomass. The method for preparing the HMF is mainly divided into two steps: firstly, a monosaccharide solution is obtained by the transformation of polysaccharide in the fructose source biomass; under the condition that catalysts such as protonic acid, cation exchange resin, zeolite, Lewis acid and the like are added in a system of an aqueous-organic phase to exchange, a salt for salting out and stabilizing the HMF is added in the aqueous phase and the HMF is prepared by heating at proper temperature.

The present invention relates to 3' substituted-2', 3'-didehydro-2', 3'-dideoxy-beta-L-nucleosides and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof, for the treatment of infectious viral diseases, in general, particularly HBV and HIV viral infections and more particularly, HBV and HIV viral infections that are resistant to other antiviral drugs.

This invention relates to devices and processes for removing asphaltenes and/or metals from crude oil to increase refinery processing of heavy materials. The desalters of this invention reduce and/or remove at least a portion of asphaltenes and/or metals form the crude oil. The separation occurs by mixing water with the crude oil to result in an aqueous phase having water and water soluble salts, an interface phase having asphaltenes and/or metals along with water, and a hydrocarbon phase having desalted, deasphalted and/or reduced metal crude oil.

The invention discloses a catalyst for hydrogenation modification of coal tar and a preparation method thereof and the application thereof. The catalyst consists of a mixture of active components of WO3, NiO and P2O5 and a catalyst carrier, wherein the weight of WO3 is 27 to 30 percent of the total weight of the catalyst, the weight of NiO is 4 to 7 percent of the total weight of the catalyst, the weight of P2O5 is 2 to 3 percent of the total weight of the catalyst, and the balance being the catalyst carrier; the catalyst carrier consists of aluminum oxide and a ZSM-5 molecular sieve, of which the weight ratio is between 8-13:1; and the specific surface area of the catalyst is 210 to 230m/g, and the pore volume is 0.44 to 0.48ml/g. the catalyst has proper acid center, better water resistance and bigger specific surface, pore volume and pore size, and can reduce the carbon deposit and inactivation of the catalyst and the plugging of a bed. In the hydrogenation reaction, the proper acid center and active center can maximally make the arene saturated and ring opening under the condition of reducing the broken chain as far as possible, and the cetane number of the diesel oil component is increased, so that the catalyst possesses of good selectivity, stability and mechanical strength.

The invention relates to a synthesized multilevel structure ZSM-5 zeolite molecular sieve with intracrystalline meso pores and intercrystalline meso pores, as well as a synthetic method and an application thereof. Except micropores of the zeolite structure, the multilevel structure ZSM-5 zeolite molecular sieve comprises the intracrystalline mesoporous and intercrystalline mesoporous structure, wherein primary nanometer crystal grain size is 40-500nm, and secondary accumulated particle size is 500nm-5[mu]m. The structure greatly improves diffusion performance and the catalyst activity of the molecular sieve, reduces possibility of generation of side reaction and carbon deposit, improves carbon accommodating capability of the molecular sieve catalyst, and prolongs life of the catalyst.

A processing method of sweet potato sheet jelly, comprising the following steps of cleaning raw material sweet potatoes by water, and then continuously conveying the sweet potatoes to a crusher for crushing into sweet potato slurry with the particle size smaller than 3mm, weighing the sweet potato slurry, sweet potato graham flour or/and sweet potato starch in a weight ratio of the sweet potato slurry, the sweet potato graham flour or/and the sweet potato starch, which is 1: 0-100, adding water, mixing uniformly to prepare mixed slurry, wherein the water is added so that the water content in the mixed slurry is 48-65% by weight percentage, sending the mixed slurry to a spiral extrusion molding machine for curing and molding to form the sheet jelly, conveying the sheet jelly by a continuous conveyer, automatically cutting the sheet jelly according to a fixed length, and packing through an automatic packing machine or a vacuum packing machine so as to prepare the sheet jelly product. The invention uses mechanical continuous production and has a simple processing technology. The prepared sweet potato sheet jelly product maintains the nutrient components in the sweet potatoes and the active components capable of improving human immunity, and is excellent green health food.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing aldehydes by hydroformylation catalyzed by metals of groups 8 to 10 of the Periodic Table of the Elements in the presence of cyclic carbonic esters.

The present invention relates to the discovery that certain beta -L-dioxolane nucleoside analogs which contain a uracil base, and preferably, a 5-halosubstituted uracil base, exhibit unexpectedly high activity against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Varciella-Zoster virus (VZV) and Herpes Virus 8 (HV-8). In particular, the compounds according to the present invention show potent inhibition of the replication of the virus (viral growth) in combination with very low toxicity to the host cells (i.e., animal or human tissue). Compounds are useful for treating EBV, VZV and HV-8 infections in humans.

The invention relates to a catalyst for preparing methyl acrylate and acrylic acid, and a preparation method and an application thereof, and is used for mainly solving the problems in the prior art. The problems are relatively well solved by the technical schemes comprising that the catalyst for preparing methyl acrylate and acrylic acid is composed of a main active component, an active auxiliary agent and a carrier, wherein the main active component comprises nitrate, carbonate, aluminate, sulfate and chloride of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, an active auxiliary agent element is selected from at least one of IIA, IIIA, VA, VIA and VIIA main group elements, IB, IIB, IIIB, IV, VB, VIB and VIII transition metal elements and lanthanides in the periodic table of elements, and the carrier is Al2O3, TiO2, ZrO2 or SiO2; for the catalyst, based on oxide, the mass percentage content of the main active component is 0.1%-50%, and the mass percentage content of the active auxiliary agent is 0.1%-20%; and the preparation method and the application of the catalyst are provided. The catalyst can be used for preparing methyl acrylate and acrylic acid by condensation reaction of methyl acetate with formaldehyde or methanol.

The provided is a method for preparing a platinum-tin-metal-alumina catalyst by comprising: as an active ingredient, platinum which has a high activity in a direct dehydrogenation reaction of n-butane, tin which can increase the catalyst stability by preventing carbon deposition; additionally metal for reducing the level of catalyst inactivation over the reaction time; and an alumina carrier for supporting said components. Further, provided is a method for producing a high value product, C4 olefins from low cost n-butane by using the catalyst prepared by the method according to the present invention in a direct dehydrogenation reaction.

The invention relates to a nitrogen-doped carbon supported ruthenium monatomic catalyst which is characterized by comprising a carrier and an active component supported on the carrier, wherein the carrier is nitrogen-doped carbon, and the active component is a metal ruthenium single atom; and the mass percentage of the metal ruthenium single atoms in the nitrogen-doped carbon-loaded ruthenium single atom catalyst is 0.01-1.2%. The catalyst takes nitrogen-doped carbon as the carrier and the metal ruthenium single atoms as the active component, and compared with the prior art, the catalyst can greatly improve the utilization rate of precious metal ruthenium in the reaction of preparing alicyclic amine through one-step hydrogenation of a nitro aromatic compound, does not introduce an alkalineauxiliary agent, and does not need subsequent separation operation. The production cost is greatly reduced, and the high-activity and high-selectivity one-step hydro-conversion of the nitro aromaticcompound into alicyclic amine is realized under mild conditions.

An integrated circuit (IC) includes a substrate having a top semiconductor surface including at least one MOS device including a source and a drain region spaced apart to define a channel region. A SiON gate dielectric layer that has a plurality of different N concentration portions is formed on the top semiconductor surface. A gate electrode is on the SiON layer. The plurality of different N concentration portions include (i) a bottom portion extending to the semiconductor interface having an average N concentration of <2 atomic %, (ii) a bulk portion having an average N concentration >10 atomic %, and (iii) a top portion on the bulk portion extending to a gate electrode interface having an average N concentration that is ≧2 atomic % less than a peak N concentration of the bulk portion.