67results about How to "Huge social benefits" patented technology

The sludge spraying and seeding afforesting matrix is one kind of composition prepared through mixing fermented sludge, organic matter, composite fertilizer, water retaining agent, glue powder, pH regulator, plant seed and water at normal temperature. It is sprayed to exposed slope and mountain for restoring vegetation in short period. The present invention can result in excellent economic benefit and environment benefit.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a water-retaining agent, which comprises the following step of: reacting gamma-polyglutamic acid fermentation liquor prepared by fermenting through bacillus subtilis, and aqueous solution of coarse gamma-polyglutamic acid or refined gamma-polyglutamic acid prepared from the fermentation liquor with a cross-linking agent in the presence of an inorganic acid or organic acid catalyst to obtain the water-retaining agent. The water-retaining agent has the water absorption multiple of 400-1,500 in distilled water and has the water absorption multiple of 60-150 in physiological saline. The water-retaining agent prepared by the microbiological technology is environment-friendly, so the water-retaining agent has great economic, environmental and social benefits in industries such as agriculture, forestry and the like in China.

The invention discloses a reversed construction method for expanding and excavating stations on sectional shield tunnel foundations of subways. The expanded and excavated stations are simply supported frame wall column type double-layer subway stations in structural forms. The reversed construction method includes retaining soil and water by the aid of piles in rows and waterproof curtains or underground diaphragm walls, and resisting lateral deformation of soil mass; excavating the soil mass between openings of parallel shield tunnel segments and constructing cross passages; grouting and reinforcing the soil mass above tunnels, building foundation pit excavation supporting structures and short supporting piles of station bodies and connecting the tops of the foundation pit excavation supporting structures and the short supporting piles with the outer piles in the rows or the outer underground diaphragm walls by connecting beams; constructing the structures of the station bodies by the aid of cover and excavation top down processes, filling the station bodies with the soil mass and recovering road surfaces. Foundation pit slopes can be supported by the aid of composite soil nailing supporting technologies in excavation procedures. The reversed construction method has the advantages that the reversed construction method is reasonable and feasible, is high in operability and has important engineering application value and an important development prospect, and huge economic, social and environmental benefits can be brought by application of the reversed construction method.

The invention relates to a stud connection-based steel-concrete composite beam calculation model analysis method. The method comprises the following steps of 1, building a stud shear connector composite beam calculation analysis model; 2, proposing that the overall shear stiffness Dsc of a stud comprises the shear stiffness Ds of the stud and the stiffness Dc of concrete in the range of a concentric circle with the diameter nds; 3, introducing a reduction coefficient beta of a working state of the overall shear stiffness of the stud to obtain equivalent lateral stiffness Deq; and 4, accordingto a lateral stiffness equivalence principle, making the stud equivalent to a short steel beam unit, and proposing that different values of the equivalent diameter deq of the short steel beam unit areused for simulating the mechanical performance of the stud in different working states. The method has the advantages that the calculation process is high in efficiency; a calculation result can quantitatively reflect interface slip of a steel-concrete composite structure and stress states of parts in stress periods of the composite structure; the practicality is high; and the method is easily understood and mastered by structure designers.

The present invention discloses a Tio2 film adulterated with rare earth, wherein the molecule percentage content of titanium and rare earth are as follows: titanium 85%-99%, rare earth 1%-15%. The preparation of the film adopts normal pressure thermal decomposition chemical vapor deposition method, wherein a propodosoma combination is deposited onto a glass substrate. The Tio2 film adulterated with rare earth of the present invention has excellent photocatalysis activity, hydrophilicity and optical property, and can be widely used for glass external wall, indoor decorating, etc,. The present invention greatly enlarges the application area of Tio2 film, and is hopeful for generating great economy, environment and social benefits.

The invention provides four-graded roller compacted concrete suitable for water power hydraulic engineering, the four-graded roller compacted concrete per cubic meter comprises the following components: 49kg-64kg of cement, 78kg-92kg of fly ash, 70kg-71kg of water, 630kg-700kg of sand, 1520kg-1610kg of gravel, 0.98kg-1.42kg of a high efficiency water reducing agent and 0.07kg-0.14kg of an air entraining agent, the mass ratio of super large stone (80mm-120mm): large stone (40mm-80mm): middle stone (20mm-40m m): small stone (5mm-20mm) is 20:30:30:20. The four-graded roller compacted concrete is low in cementitious material use amount and low in adiabatic temperature rise, has good working performance, mechanical performance and durability, and can simplify the temperature control measures, improve the construction progress, and reduce cost.

The invention provides a bacterial biological fungicide and a preparation method thereof. Microbial pesticide living Pseudomonas putida is used as a starting strain; and the bacterial biological fungicide is obtained after fermentation and reproduction. The bacterial biological fungicide can be used for nearly all crops infected by Pythium, Rhizoctonia and Fusarium, is safe for the crops, and has good effect on the crops such as cucumber, tomato, scallion, eggplant, green pepper, cotton, watermelon, sesame and the like. The bacterial biological fungicide has the greatest advantages that the bacterial biological fungicide is all nature, harmless, safe to people and livestock and environment-friendly; the pathogenic bacteria are not easy to produce resistance; and the bacterial biological fungicide is favorable for production of green vegetables, and has huge economic, ecological and social benefits.

The invention discloses an anti-dripping ceramic polyolefin composite material and a preparation method thereof. The anti-dripping ceramic polyolefin composite material meets all requirements for mechanical performance in the fire protection field at the normal temperature; when being burnt, the composite materials is not caused to drip so that fire expansion can be prevented. The anti-dripping ceramic polyolefin composite material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-60 parts of polyolefin, 20-40 parts of high-softening point glass powder, 20-40 parts of low-softening point glass powder, 0-15 parts of organic montmorillonite, 0.5-2.5 parts of coupling agent and 0-3 parts of compatilizer.

The invention discloses filling paste prepared from salt deposit exploitation tail salt. The filling paste is characterized in that: tail salt prepared by performing ore dressing processing on sylvite or carnallite ore is taken as a filling substrate; the filling substrate mainly comprises NaCl and MgCl2, and hemihydrate gypsum CaSO4 1 / 2H2O is taken as a cementing material; NaCl serving as an aggregate for solidifying the filling substrate is added as required, and the concentration of a filling material is adjusted by controlling the adding amount of NaCl; and paste of which the mass concentration is 81-88 percent is formed by mixing and stirring the filling substrate with the cementing material. The invention further discloses a filling method for using the filling paste. High-concentration paste is prepared by using the tail salt and the cementing material, the paste filling material is solidified through a physical-chemical reaction after being pumped to an underground worked out section, and a filling body with certain strength can be formed without dehydration in a stope. Softening damage to ore columns and wall rock caused by water contained in filling slurry is avoided, and the ecological environments on the ground surface and the periphery of a mining area are protected effectively.

The invention relates to a method for raising seedlings of Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis by efficient twig cuttage propagation, particularly relates to a method for obtaining Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis by low-cost and efficient cuttage, which directly adopts mountain red soil (raw soil) as matrix and belongs to the technical field of cuttage seedling raising. Since mountain red soil (raw soil) has certain permeability, good water retaining capacity and less harmful bacteria, the method directly adopts mountain red soil as matrix for raising seedlings of Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis by twig cuttage, so as to increase the rooting rate and survival rate of the seedlings of Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis obtained by twig cuttage. The invention relates to a low-cost asexual propagation technology for Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis by twig cuttage. By use of the method provided by the method, the propagation coefficient is high, the seedling raising is not affected by seed size, the raised seedlings have relatively stable traits, the individual plant in a cutting orchard can provide 50-70 coppice shoots, and the ear length is 10 cm. The method has wide prospect of industrialization. The capacity of supplying Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis seedlings is greatly improved by virtue of the generalization and application of the method, and great economic, social and ecological benefits are generated.

The invention discloses an open-cut station body structure and a construction method thereof. A station body is of a two-layer double-column three-span box-shaped structure. The construction method includes the steps that a site is leveled, a precipitation well is dug, precipitation is carried out, foundation pit drainage measures are taken, and cast-in-situ bored piles are arranged; a foundationpit is dug to the depth 0.7 m below a first support, pile top crown beams are arranged, and the first steel support is erected; the foundation pit continues to be dug downwards to the bottom of the foundation pit, a second support and a third support are sequentially erected, and waist rails are put in time; a bottom plate concrete structure is poured, side wall waterproof layers are arranged, andpart of side walls are poured; inverted supports are arranged, the third steel support is detached, and a remaining side wall structure on the second floor underground and a middle plate structure onthe first floor underground are poured; and the second steel support is detached, a side wall and top plate structure on the first layer underground is poured, a top plate waterproof layer is arranged, timely backfill is carried out, backfill is carried out to the position of the first steel support, the first steel support and the inverted supports are detached after a soil layer is compacted, backfill is carried out to the ground, and a station plate structure and other internal components are arranged.

The invention relates to a method for controlling the surface stress-strain field of a casing part based on a constant cutting force, and belongs to the technical field of aerospace numerical controlmachining. The control method includes the following steps: (1) importing a part model into a computer; (2) importing an original numerical control program into the computer; (3) importing machine tool information into the computer; (4) setting cutter parameters; (5) simulating a cutting force; (6) analyzing simulation data; (7) judging the stability of the cutting process; (8) judging whether thecutting process belongs to local run-out; (9) adjusting the original numerical control program: (10) interrupting the original numerical control program adaptively; (11) optimizing the cutting parameters of the numerical control program by segments; (12) outputting an optimal numerical control program; and (13) applying the optimal numerical control program for processing verification. The methodof the invention can be applied to the surface stress-strain field control of various integral casing parts, and has huge economic and social benefits.

The invention provides a fabricated concrete composite wallboard structure. The fabricated concrete composite wallboard structure comprises an outer wallboard arranged towards the outside of a building, an inner wallboard arranged towards the inside of the building, and a reinforcing rib located between the outer wallboard and the inner wallboard, wherein the outer wallboard, the reinforcing rib and the inner wallboard are tied to form a whole body via a net rack; a functional compound layer is adhered to the outer surface of the outer wallboard; a part extending out of the outer wallboard, the reinforcing rib and the inner wallboard of the net rack is combined with cast-in-place concrete to form a hidden beam; a core hole used for reducing self weight of the structure is formed in the reinforcing rib along a vertical direction; a pipeline channel arranged along an axial direction of the core hole and used for laying pipelines is arranged in the core hole; and / or the core hole is also filled with core hole filling materials used for preserving heat and insulating heat; a pipeline box corresponding to the pipeline channel is pre-buried in the inner wallboard. Through type and quantity of the core hole filling materials, different heat preservation requirements in southern and northern regions are met; type and thickness of sound absorbing layers can be adjusted to meet the sound insulation requirement of the building, so that the application range of the multifunctional fabricated concrete composite wallboard is extended.

The invention relates to a method for preparing microbial oil by fermenting cassava starch and preparing biodiesel from the microbial oil and belongs to the field of biological energy sources. The method comprises the method for preparing the microbial oil and the method for preparing the biodiesel from the microbial oil and comprises the following steps of: fermenting dermoid Trichosporon B3 serving as an oil producing strain and cassava starch saccharified liquid serving as a carbon source in batches under a certain culturing condition to culture microbes, and drying and extracting to obtain the microbial oil; and performing transesterification reaction on the microbial oil serving as a raw material under the action of a catalyst to obtain the biodiesel, wherein the by-product is glycerine. The method has the advantages that: the cassava starch serving as the carbon source is fermented to prepare the microbial oil, so the cassava starch resource is fully used and the raw material cost for preparing the microbial oil is reduced; a process for transferring the microbial oil into the biodiesel is built; and the method is easy and convenient to operate and control, is environment-friendly, and has good industrial application prospect.

The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a composite material of a metal / ceramic layer structure. The method for manufacturing the composite material of the metal / ceramic layer structure adopts the following technologies: 1, bonding alloy preparation: the bonding alloy is Al-Zn-Fe-Ti alloy and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5%-40% of Zn, 0.5%-10% of Fe, 2%-20% of Ti, and the balance is Al; the bonding alloy is composed of a high melting point phase and a low melting point phase, is in solid phase under the normal temperature and is in solid-liquid phases with solid phase being 60%-80% and liquid phase being 40%-20%; and the melting point of the bonding alloy, the interface reaction phase and the phase composition can be adjusted by utilizing the contents of added composition elements of Zn, Ti and Fe; and 2, composite material preparation: heating ceramic and metal to a processing temperature simultaneously, then making the bonding alloy carry out a recombination reaction with the ceramic and the metal, making the ceramic and the metal be in composite molding together under the condition that the temperature is 80-120 DEG C higher than the melting point of the high melting point phase of the bonding alloy, and the composite material of the metal / ceramic structure can be formed by demoulding.

The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer production, in particular to a foliar fertilizer special for ageing defying of foliage flowers, a preparation method and a use method thereof. The foliar fertilizer special for ageing defying of foliage flowers comprises the following components by weight: 25-35 parts of organic matters, 18-40 parts of nutrients, 2-5 parts of an anti-aging regulator, 8-12 parts of a functional assistant and 25-32 parts of water. The foliar fertilizer special for ageing defying of foliage flowers provided by the invention is a green and low carbon anti-aging organic fertilizer specially customized for foliage flower plants, contains rich anti-aging factors, has high organic matter content, is low in production cost, promotes better growth of crop roots, enhances the anti-aging function of plants, also keeps the color and quality of foliage flowers, prolongs the storage life and ornamental period, and improves the fertilizer utilization rate so as to improve the commodity value of flowers and increase economic benefits, thus bringing tremendous social and ecological benefits.

The invention discloses a preparation method for lithium tetrafluoroborate, and the method comprises the following steps: 1) preparing lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide into slurry, continuously feeding into CO2 for reaction to generate LiHCO3, and filtering a reaction solution to obtain a LiHCO3 solution; 2) mixing the LiHCO3 solution obtained in step 1) with anhydrous hydrofluoric acid for reaction at a room temperature to obtain a LiF.3HF solution; 3) reacting the LiF.3HF solution obtained in step 2) with a boric acid solution to obtain a lithium tetrafluoroborate solution; and 4 ) concentrating the lithium tetrafluoroborate solution obtained in step 3), cooling the concentrated solution to give crystals, filtering and drying the crystals to obtain the lithium tetrafluoroborate. According to the preparation method of the present invention, the product quality is improved, the obtained product meets requirements of lithium-ion batteries either as a novel lithium salt or as a film-forming additive for lithium ion battery electrolyte; the raw materials adopted are readily available and inexpensive, the raw material utilization is high, thus improving productivity, reducing production costs, and being suitable for industrial mass production.

The invention provides an anti-microbial deodorizing super absorbent resin compound which comprises a pre-crosslinked acrylic polymer. In parts by weight, 0.5-20 parts of plant antibacterial agent isjointed in 100 parts of pre-crosslinked acrylic polymer; a cross-linking agent is used for treating the surface of the pre-crosslinked acrylic polymer; the plant antibacterial agent is prepared from the following materials by weight percent: 20%-35% of tea leaves, 30%-45% of folium artemisiae argyi and 25%-45% of leonurus. A method of combining the pre-crosslinked acrylic polymer with the plant antibacterial agent includes the following steps: jointing the plant antibacterial agent in the pre-crosslinked acrylic polymer; or bonding the plant antibacterial agent on the surface of the pre-crosslinked acrylic polymer by adopting a cross-linking solution for performing surface thermo-crosslinking treatment; adopting the cross-linking solution for performing surface thermo-crosslinking treatment on the pre-crosslinked acrylic polymer at 70-180 DEG C, thereby acquiring the super absorbent resin compound.

The invention discloses a method for preparing biodiesel from oil with a high acid value. The method comprises the steps as follows: mixing oil with a high acid value with methanol, adding compound acid catalyst, carrying out esterification reaction, removing crude methanol through flash vaporization, adding potassium hydroxide methanol solution, performing transesterification reaction, removing crude methanol through flash vaporization again, standing liquid from which crude methanol is removed and settling for 4 to 5 hours, and removing glycerol through separation to obtain crude biodiesel.The method has the characteristics of low device investment, simple process, low manufacturing cost, high reaction rate and high conversion rate of products.

The invention relates to a dry-type cement filling method realized by the aid of extracted tail salt of a salt deposit. The dry-type cement filling method is characterized in that a filling material in the method is tail salt remained after beneficiation processing of sylvine or carnallite ores; the main ingredients of the tail salt are NaCl or NaCl and MgCl2; the filling material is solid, and is conveyed in a well by modes of drop shaft sliding, underground automobile conveying, belt conveying and the like; the filling method is used for cement filling; and when the main ingredients of the tail salt are NaCl and MgCl2, cementing agent is added in the filling material, and is clay or saturated NaCl brine. By the aid of tail salt dry-type cement filling, a filling body with the certain strength can be formed in a hollow area, damage of ore pillars and surrounding rocks can be prevented effectively, surface collapse and subsidence are prevented, and recovery safety is maintained. A large quantity of tail salt is utilized, occupied area of stacked tail salt is greatly reduced, and the ground surface of a mining area and surrounding ecological environments are protected effectively.

The invention relates to a method for producing epsilon-polylysine through the fermentation of cassava starch, which belongs to the field of fermentation engineering. The method disclosed by the invention is implemented by taking epsilon-polylysine producing bacteria as a fermentative strain, taking cassava starch as a carbon source, and fermenting under certain conditions so as to produce epsilon-polylysine. According to the invention, epsilon-polylysine is produced through fermenting by taking cassava starch as a raw material, so that the selection of the carbon source for epsilon-polylysine fermentation is expanded; and cassava resources are fully used, so that the raw material cost for the fermentation production of epsilon-polylysine is reduced, and therefore, the method has huge economic, social and ecological benefits. The method disclosed by the invention lays a solid technical foundation for the application of cassava starch in the fermentation production of epsilon-polylysine, and has a good industrial application prospect.

The invention relates to the field of biomass pyrolysis, and provides a smelting method for industrial silicon; the smelting method includes the following steps: a) a step of pretreating biomass; b) a step of carrying out pyrolysis on the pretreated biomass to obtain biomass charcoal, flammable gas and biomass oil; c) a step of mixing the biomass charcoal with silica and batching; and d) a step of sending the biomass carbon and the silica after batching into a combustion gas heating furnace, taking the flammable gas and the biomass oil as a flue in the combustion gas heating furnace, and reducing to obtain the industrial silicon. With utilization of the smelting method for the industrial silicon, the production cost can be effectively reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.

The present invention provides a novel bed sewage ecological restoration technology. According to the present invention, submerged plants are combined with the network bed technology to realize the full absorption of nutrients by the plants, and ultimately the purpose of recovering the natural ecosystem is achieved. The stain resistant, high temperature resistant and low temperature resistant submerged plants are selected to ultimately realize the riverway aquatic plant decontaminating function yearly. Net cages can be hung under the network beds to farm fishes, snails, shellfishes, and the like. During the restoration of the water, aquatic products can also be obtained. Compared with the conventional water environmental restoration methods, the novel bed sewage ecological restoration technology is more ecological, more environmental-friendly, more energy-efficient, and more economical, makes up for the defect of clearing contamination by changing water, overcomes the limitations of bottom in the restoration waters, and has broader application and simple maintenance.

The invention belongs to the technical field of polysilicon production, in particular to a method for comprehensively utilizing a chemical byproduct single cryolite during production of polysilicon. The method comprises the following steps of: reacting the single cryolite with sodium hydroxide solution to generate hydrogen and sodium aluminate slurry; and reacting the sodium aluminate slurry withhydrofluoric acid to prepare cryolite for aluminum, wherein the byproduct, namely hydrogen in the reaction process is purified and recovered to serve as a byproduct; and mother liquid is used for producing other fluoride products, or being neutralized by adding lime and then being discharged. The byproduct, namely single cryolite, of polysilicon is used for producing cryolite for aluminum, so rawmaterials are readily available, cost is low and the utilization ratio of the raw materials is high; the produced cryolite for aluminum has low impurity content and meets national standard; and wasteis changed into treasure, which accords with production ideas of comprehensive utilization of resources, energy conservation and environmental protection.

The invention discloses an application of a compound Szeto-Schiller-31 (SS-31) to prepare a medicine for treating Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) and related diseases. The invention belongs to the field of a medicine, and specifically relates to an application of SS-31 to treat FRDA diseases. It is found from experiments that SS-31 can up-regulate expression of frataxin (FXN) in FRDA patient's cells in a translational level, adjust iron metabolism in FRDA patient's cells, promote synthesis of iron-sulfur clusters in mitochondria, improve the function of mitochondria, reduce generation of ROS in patient's cells, and improve anti-oxidative stress performance of cells. The result shows that SS-31 has the potential value of treating FRDA.

The invention discloses a method for extracting sa-son seed gum from artemisia sphaerocephala krasch seed. According to the method, artemisia sphaerocephala krasch seed is adopted as a raw material, a mechanized separation method is used, and selection, stirring and glue immersing, centrifugal separation, alcohol precipitation, filtering and separating, and drying crushing are performed to obtain the sa-son seed gum powder. Compared to the traditional extraction method, the method of the present invention has the simple production process, can achieve the mechanized batch pipeline operation, has characteristics of low cost, high extraction rate and high finished product purity, only uses the edible-grade alcohol in the alcohol precipitation, and does not use other chemical reagents, wherein the alcohol can be recovered and reused. The method of the present invention creates the feasible technical conditions for the large-scale processing and development of the sa-son seed gum health food.

The invention provides a point type reservoir which can be constructed at any raining place on the land, can automatically store rainfall and avoid evaporation, infiltration and pollution, is used as a water source in draught and water shortage, can store the rainfall during continuous raining or storm, reduce sand which is scoured from the ground and enters the reservoir and reduce probability of debris flow, landslide and flood, and can rationally distribute the rainfall and reduce disasters such as draught. The point type reservoir comprises a water storage tree and an underground water storage system, wherein the water storage tree comprises a trunk and a crown; the trunk is a closed hollow column body; the crown comprises a water collector for collecting rainwater and making the rainwater flow into the trunk; the water collector comprises blades and blade handles; the blades are curved surfaces with middle sunken parts and two high sides; the upper end of each blade handle with a through hole is connected to the edge of the sunken part of each blade; the lower end of each blade handle passes through a blade handle hole in a trunk wall and extends into an inner cavity of the trunk; and the underground water storage system comprises an anti-seepage pipeline which is arranged in the ground and is communicated with a water outlet in the lower part of the trunk.

The invention provides a preparation method of Xuanmai Ganjie granules. The method comprises the following steps: decocting and concentrating radix scrophulariae, radix ophiopogonis, liquorice and platycodon grandiflorus; and performing refluxing treatment on the concentrate for 2.5-3.5 hours while keeping the refluxing temperature at 55-65 DEG C to finally obtain granules. In the finished product of Xuanmai Ganjie granules prepared in the invention, the contents of active ingredients, namely harpagoside and glycyrrhizic acid, are remarkably increased, and the treatment effect of the medicine is correspondingly enhanced, which is a great beneficial technical progress; and on the premise of neither increasing production equipment nor changing production flow, low cost and high yield are realized, and tremendous economic and social benefits are created by the most economical way.

The invention provides an assembly type reinforced concrete wall structure based on the thermal bridge partition technology. The assembly type reinforced concrete wall structure comprises an exterior wall panel, a wall panel intermediate layer, an interior wall panel and trusses. A wall is of a sandwich structure formed by the exterior wall panel, the wall panel intermediate layer and the interior wall panel from outside to inside. Chord members of the trusses are embedded in the exterior wall panel and the interior wall panel correspondingly. Web members of the trusses penetrate through the wall panel intermediate layer, and the two ends of the web members are connected with chord members of the exterior wall panel and chord members of the interior wall panel correspondingly. The web member of each truss is provided with a web member connecting part used for cutting off a thermal bridge between the exterior wall panel and the interior wall panel. The assembly type reinforced concrete wall structure based on the thermal bridge partition technology has the advantages of being capable of cutting off the thermal bridge, integral in structure and function, good in integrity and the like, overcomes the defects of an existing assembly type concrete wall panel system and has good economic and social benefits.

The invention relates to a system for recognizing and sorting aluminum scraps according to components. The system comprises a vibration feeding hopper, a roller sorting machine, a magnetic separator, an eddy current sorting machine and an LIBS sorting machine which are connected in sequence. According to the system, the aluminum scraps are recognized and sorted online according to the components, classification fine recycling and primary utilization of aluminum scrap raw materials are achieved, and the effects of energy saving and consumption reducing and social benefits are huge.