A building thermal insulation dry powder mortar belongs to a building thermal insulation material. The weight ratio of a dry powder to water is 1: 1.5. The dry powder is prepared by mixing 450 parts by mass of ordinary portland cement, 70 parts by mass of a calcined gypsum powder, 37.5 parts by mass of a redispersible emulsion powder, 15 parts by mass of fine xylem fibers, 13 parts by mass of polypropylene staple fibers, 10 parts by mass of slaked lime, 10 parts by mass of sierozem, 10 parts by mass of heavy calcium carbonate, 3 parts by mass of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 364 parts by mass of a calcined expanded perlite and 17.5 parts by mass of a premixed auxiliary agent. The thermal insulation building dry powder mortar has the advantages of strong thermal insulation, strong bond with walls, high compressive strength, strong drawing force, excellent weather resistance, and environmental protection, and also has the advantages of fire resistance, cracking resistance, leakage resistance, moisture resistance, sliding resistance, earthquake resistance and the like.