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The invention discloses a method for extracting active components for algae inhibition from Acorus calamus L tubers. According to the invention, an organic solvent is directly used to extract the active components so as to obtain the algicide, or the organic solvent is used for sequential extraction to obtain the algicide. The direct extraction method of the organic solvent comprises the following concrete steps of: extracting washed, dried and crushed Acorus calamus L tubers for 2-5 times respectively by using petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and anhydrous ethanol, filtering, and condensing to obtain the active components A, B and C for algae inhibition. The sequential extraction method of the organic solvent comprises the following concrete steps of: extracting by the use of anhydrous ethanol to obtain an extract C, dissolving the extract C in 80% of a methanol aqueous solution, carrying out isopyknic extraction for 2-3 times by the use of petroleum ether, condensing the petroleum ether layer to obtain a first active component for algae inhibition, diluting residual methanol aqueous solution to 50% by the addition of water, carrying out isopyknic extraction for 2-3 times by the use of ethyl acetate, and condensing the ethyl acetate layer to obtain a second active component for algae inhibition. The extraction method is simple and easy to operate. The extracted active components, which are used as the algicide, are cheap and nontoxic, require low cost, and are suitable for practical popularization and application. The algicide can be used without the restrictions of region, solar term, temperature and the like.