127 results about "Acide Nicotinique" patented technology

The invention relates to compound premix feed for laying hens, which comprises 3 to 9 kg of manganous sulfate, 3 to 7 kg of zinc sulfate, 3 to 7 kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.6 to 1.4 kg of copper sulphate, 12 to 18 kg of choline chloride, 7 to 11 kg of lysine, 26 to 34 kg of methionine, 1.6 to 2.4 kg of phytase, 400 to 461 kg of calcium carbonate, 80 to 120 kg of calcium hydrophosphate, 300 to 360 kg of fish meal, 45 to 75 kg of common salt, 0.20 to 0.44 kg of vitamin A, 0.06 to 0.14kg of vitamin D3, 0.52 to 1.12 kg of vitamin E, 0.047 to 0.1 kg of vitamin K3, 0.026 to 0.056 kg of vitamin B1, 0.177 to 0.33 kg of vitamin B2, 0.078 to 0.145 kg of vitamin B6, 0.025 to 0.058 kg of vitamin B12, 0.02 to 0.03 kg of folic acid, 0.008 to 0.018 kg of biotin, 0.3 to 0.674 kg of nicotinic acid, 0.11 to 0.245 kg of calcium pantothenate, and 1.2 to 3.83 kg of rice hull powder. The laying hens fed by the premix feed have high laying rate, and keep long period of peak time of laying eggs reaching 6-9 months. The ratio of the feed to the egg is as low as 2.0-2.1:1.

The present invention belongs to the field of feed technology, and is especially tortoise and turtle feedstuff and its preparation process. The feedstuff is prepared with soybean, rough fish, vegetable, alpha-starch, pre-mixed material, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, nicotinic acid, vitamin C, cod-liver oil, enzyme preparation, garlicin and Yingjining in certain proportion, and through mixing. The feedstuff of the present invention has high benefit, high tortoise and turtle growth speed, low cost, obvious disease resisting effect and high bioavailability.

The invention provides a total nutrient formula food and a preparation method thereof. The whole nutritional formula food comprises protein, carbohydrate, fat, biotin, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K1, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, nicotinic acid, folic acid, pantothenic acid, vitamin C, sodium, potassium, copper, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, calcium, phosphorus, iodine, chlorine, selenium, choline, inositol, molybdenum and fructo-oligosaccharide. According to the total nutrient formula food, nutrient composition is reasonable and digestion and absorption are easy. The total nutrient formula food can be used as a single nutrient source satisfying the nutrient requirements of the eating restricted persons, also can be used for nutritional supplement before and after the patient operation, and can solve the problems of constipation and intestinal peristalsis caused by reduction of the amount of exercise of patients.

The present disclosure provides nicotinate / nicotinamide riboside compounds or derivatives of formula (I):wherein X−, Z1, Z2, n, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 are described herein, reduced analogs thereof, and synthetic processes for the preparation thereof.

The invention relates to a livestock composite premix compound containing Chinese medicinal ingredients and a packaging method thereof. The premix compound comprises vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin C, nicotinic acid, calcium pantothenate, folic acid, DL-methionine, L-lysine, micro elements, including manganese, zinc, iron, copper, iodine, cobalt and sodium chloride as well as Chinese medicinal extracts of astragalus, hawthorn, isatis root and liquoric root. The premix compound has the functions of common livestock composite premix compounds as well as unique effects of promoting digestion, strengthening the stomach, resisting viruses and enhancing immunity.

The invention discloses an instant nutritious porridge suitable for infants of 6 months old or older and a preparation process of the nutritious porridge. The instant nutritious porridge comprises a porridge body and ingredients, wherein the porridge body comprises rice, millet, corn starch, barley powder, Chinese yam powder, hawthorn powder, lotus nut starch, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, nicotinic acid, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrophosphate, zinc oxide, ferric pyrophosphate and potassium iodide, and the ingredients comprise dehydrated shredded meat, meat extract and vegetable powder. The ingredients are added according to the flavors of different products into the porridge body according to certain proportion, mixed uniformly, and packaged in bags to obtain the finished product. The product contains carbohydrate, protein, fat, various vitamins and mineral elements that are required for the infant, and the contents of the ingredients are configured with reference to the grain accessory food of the infant so as to meet the nutrient requirements for the growth and development of the infant.

The present invention belong to baby food, health products technical field, relating to a honeysuckle nourishing rice flour for babies and method of preparing the same. The honeysuckle baby nourishing rice flour of the invention includes raw stuff components as follows: rice flour, sucrose, milk powder, cream, honeysuckle, calcium hydrogen orthophosphate, sodium chloride, calcium gluconate, ferrous gluconate, gluconic acid, vitamin A, nicotinic acid, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin D1, potassium iodate, oligofructose, docosahexenoic acid and arachidonic acid. The products prepared via steps of preparing honeysuckle juice, dissolving sugar, batching, enzymolysis, cooking, drying, molding, crushed filling. The preparing technics of the invention is simple and easy, suitable for large scale industrial production, and the obtained honeysuckle baby nourishing rice flour combining the baby nourishing rice flour and active ingredient of honeysuckle scientifically, possessing important meaning for promoting healthy growth of babies.

The invention discloses nutrition-reinforced convenient rice. The convenient rice is alpharized rice, and a nutrient solution which comprises 110-550mug of folic acid, 2.2-13.2mg of nicotinic acid, 0.44-3.3mg of vitamin B1, 3.3-11g of proteins, 38-55mg of Ca, 2.2-8.8mg of Fe and 11-44mg of Na is added to each 100g of the convenient rice. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the convenient rice. The preparation method comprises steps of vacuum immersion, alpharization, suspension drying, nutrition reinforcement and drying. The convenient rice of the invention can be rehydrated by immersing it in boiling water for 8min or heating it for 2-3min with a microwave oven to reach the mouthfeel of rice cooked with common methods. The convenient rice of the invention is convenient to eat; and the preparation method, which allows elutriation and long-time high temperature treatment to be avoided and nutrients of rice to be maximally preserved, is an effective method for implementing the staple food nutrition reinforcement and reducing a food nutrient lack condition.

The invention relates to a vitamin feed additive premix for sea fish, and belongs to the technical field of feed additives for fish culture. The vitamin feed additive premix is prepared by uniformly mixing vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12, nicotinic acid, folic acid, calcium pantothenate, biotin, inositol, VC (vitamin C) phosphate ester and zeolite powder according to a certain percentage ratio and further adding into feed according to the proportion of 0.5%-1%. The vitamin feed additive premix disclosed by the invention has the following advantages: (1) the vitamin feed additive premix can be used during the whole culture cycle; (2) the adding amount in the feed for the sea fish is 0.5%-1%; (3) the immunity of fresh water fish can be effectively enhanced and the survival rate is improved; (4) the vitamin feed additive premix disclosed by the invention has no adverse effects on palatability of the feed; and (5) raw material sources used by the vitamin feed additive premix disclosed by the invention are stable, the price is low, and the production process is simple.

The invention relates to a compound vitamin for piglets which comprises the following components: vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, biotin, folic acid, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, vitamin C and a carrier. Compared with the existing compound vitamin for piglets, the compound vitamin provided by the invention has comprehensive and reasonable nutrition, sufficiently meets the need of quick growth of the piglets, enhances the capability of resisting stress and diseases of the organisms, and improves the daily gain and feed conversion efficiency.

The present invention relates to a premix for jewel bass. Said premix is formed from several vitamins and several mineral matters. The above-mentioned several vitamins contain VA, VD, VE, VK, VB1, VB, VB12, VB6, calcium pantothenate, nicotinic acid, folic acid, VC, choline chloride, inositol and defatted rice bran, and the described mineral matters include NazHPO4, CaH2PO4,KCl,MgSO4,FeSO4,ZnSO4,CuSO4,KI,CoCl2,MnSO4 and limestone powder. In the jewel bass feed the added quantity of above-mentioned premix is: every component is 1%. Said invention also provides the preparation method of said premix. Said invention can make growth speed of jewel bass be increased by above 10%, and the feed utilization rate also can be greatly raised.

The invention provides feed for improving ketone body quality of broilers. The feed comprises a main feed component, galactomannan, betaine, chromium nicotinate, soya bean lecithin, bee pollen, bone meal, sodium bicarbonate, lucerne meal, an amino acid additive, a vitamin additive, a traditional Chinese medicine feed additive for improving the ketone body quality and flavor of the broilers, and a microbe preparation. The traditional Chinese medicine feed additive and the feed for improving the ketone body quality and flavor of the broilers, which are provided by the invention, have the effects of low toxicity, no side effect and no residue, and can significantly improve the ketone body quality and flavor of the broilers.

The invention relates to a dealcoholic preparation, specifically to a dealcoholic preparation which can make drinkers get rid of symptoms of headache and nausea and make them recover in a short period of time. The dealcoholic preparation is characterized by comprising the following substances of: 400-800 mg of lactose, 80-300 mg of starch, 50-150 mg of maltose, 50-100 mg of turmeric powder, 10-20 mg of curcumin, 100-250 mg of inositol, 30-70 mg of citric acid, 10-40 mg of nicotinic acid, 50-150 mg of vitamin C, 4-8 mg of vitamin E, 5-15 mg of vitamin B6, 30-70 mg of flavouring composition and 50-250 mg of a flavouring agent. In comparison with the prior art, the dealcoholic preparation can be taken to make drinkers rapidly get rid of symptoms of headache and nausea and make them recover in a short period of time, and has an effect of protecting liver.

The invention provides a composite peptide solid beverage capable of improving immunity and relieving fatigue and a preparation method of the composite peptide solid beverage. The composite peptide solid beverage is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: collagen peptide, bone collagen peptide, soybean peptide, walnut peptide, a fructus lycii extract, a rhizoma polygonati extract, a folium mori extract, a fructus jujubae extract, a semen ziziphi spinosae extract, inulin, isomaltooligosacharide, fructo-oligosaccharide, chitosan oligosaccharide, magnesium sulfate, L-calcium lactate, zinc gluconate, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin C12, vitamin C, nicotinic acid, folic acid, pantothenic acid, taurine and beta-carotene. The composite peptide solid beverage contains small molecule peptides from various sources, medicinal and edible tonifying active substances and various vitamins and minerals necessary for human bodies, is rich in nutrition, good in synergistic effect, convenient to absorb and utilize, capable of remarkably improving the immunity of the organism and supplementing nutrition, and beneficial to reducing three-high indexes of patients.

The invention relates to multi-vitamin effervescent tablet, which comprises, by weight, 0.05-0.1% of vitamin A, 0.01-0.1% of vitamin B1, 0.01-0.1% of vitamin B2, 0.01-0.1% of vitamin B6, 0.0001-0.0005% of vitamin B12, 1.0-2.0% of vitamin C, 0.3-0.6% of vitamin E, 0.1-0.4% of nicotinic acid, 0.05-0.1% of calcium pantothenate, 0.005-0.01% of folic acid, 50-60% of citric acid, 20-30% of sodium carbonate, 10-15% of lactose, 1.0-1.5% of orange flavor, 1-5% of orange fruit powder, 1-3% of sorbitol, 0.5-0.8% of sucralose, 0.01-0.03% of acesulfame potassium, and 0.01-0.03% of sunset yellow pigment. The prepared multi-vitamin effervescent tablet has characteristics of rapid disintegration and stable quality.

The invention provides multi-vitamin chewable tablets for pregnant women. The multi-vitamin chewable tablets are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-80 parts of vitamin A acetate, 2-8 parts of vitamin B1, 1-5 parts of vitamin B2, 1-5 parts of vitamin B6, 2-15 parts of vitamin C, 1-5 parts of vitamin D3, 1-5 parts of vitamin E, 10-15 parts of folic acid, 1-5 parts of nicotinic acid, 40-80 parts of zinc lactate, 60-80 parts of calcium carbonate, 5-18 parts of ferric pyrophosphate, 5-18 parts of selenium-enriched yeast, 10-20 parts of maltodextrin and 3-20 parts of magnesium stearate.

The invention relates to a vitamin premix for juvenile sea cucumbers and a preparation method thereof. The invention is characterized in that the vitamin premix per ton comprises 500 thousand IU to 1000 thousand IU of vitamin A, 100 thousand IU to 500 thousand IU of vitamin D, 5g to 10g of vitamin E, 1g to 5g of vitamin K3, 1g to 5g of vitamin B1, 1g to 5g of vitamin B2, 1g to 5g of vitamin B6, 1g to 5g of vitamin B12, 0.5g to 15g of vitamin C, 5g to 10g of nicotinic acid, 100mg to 500mg of folic acid, 5g to 10g of pantothenic acid, 10g to 15g of inositol, 1g to 5g of calcium pantothenate, 10mg to 20mg of biotin and the balanced alpha-cellulose. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly weighting the vitamin D, the vitamin B12, the folic acid, the biotin and 100g of alpha-cellulose and mixing the same evenly; then, adding the other weighted vitamins and 500g of alpha-cellulose and mixing evenly the mixture; and finally, adding the rest alpha-cellulose to the mixture and mixing the new mixture to be fully even. The invention has the advantages that the growth performance and the immunologic competence of the juvenile sea cucumbers in a growth period are remarkably improved, the addition effect is stable, the cost is low and the application is convenient.

The invention discloses a high-protein meal replacement milk shake solid beverage containing fruit and vegetable granules with a satiety fat-reducing effect. The beverage comprises the following components: 5-40 parts of soy protein isolate, 1-8 parts of whole milk powder, 5-30 parts of meal replacement pr-mix powder, 1-15 parts of isomaltooligosaccharide, 3-20 parts of condensed milk flavor powder, 1-10 parts of guar gum, 1-10 parts of white kidney bean extract, 1-10 parts of potato extract, 1-12 parts of fruit and vegetable granules, 0.2-7.5 parts of minerals, 0.6-24 parts of vitamins, 0.1-3parts of nicotinic acid, 0.05-3 parts of folic acid, 0.04-3 parts of pantothenic acid, 0.04-3 parts of sucralose, and 0.06-3 parts of edible essence. The meal replacement milk shake solid beverage provided by the invention guarantees human meal replacement and supplements human daily nutrients through a combination of the multiple proteins, vitamins and minerals, and has the effects of weight loss, satiety and good chewing feeling, and excellent comprehensive performance; and the raw materials are easy to obtain, the preparation process is simple and controllable, and the actual promotion prospect is good.

The invention relates to a bacteria liquid for growth and development of plants, and in particular relates to a preparation method for bacteria liquid beneficial for growth-development and mycorrhiza formation of rhododendron plants. The method comprises the following steps: (1) preparation and treatment of materials: collecting and disinfecting mature fibrous roots of rhododendron plants, and cutting the treated mature fibrous roots to root segments for later use; (2) culture medium configuration: the content of 1000mL of culture medium comprises the following components of 380mg of KH2PO4, 149mg of MgSO4.7H2O, 26mg of vitamin C, 67mg of calcium pantothenate, 1.4mg of nicotinic acid, 3.0g of peptone, 16.5g of glucose, 8.5g of agar powder, 4mL of 1.5% of sodium deoxycholate liquid and 0.05mg of indoleacetic acid; (3) preparation of mother liquid; and (4) preparation of the bacteria liquid. The preparation method provided by the invention provides a technical method for production, application and fundamental research on introduction, artificial breeding, cultivation, breeding and the like of the rhododendron plants in Changbai Mountain and other rhododendron plants at home and abroad.

The invention relates to a formula of milk powder capable of helping the development of the bones and heights of children. The formula is particularly suitable for children who are 3 years old or above, and comprises whole cow / goat milk and / or skimmed cow / goat milk, cow / goat whey protein powder, lactose, vegetable oil, fructo-oligosaccharide, galactooligosaccharide, L-carnitine, docosahexaenoic acid grease, milk mineral salt, hydrolyzed yolk powder, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, selenium, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, nicotinic acid, folic acid, pantothenic acid, biotin and choline.

The invention belongs to the field of poultry feeds and particularly relates to a premix used for chickens and the premix can be used for preventing broilers from feed passage in summer. Each kilogram of the feed is characterized by comprising the following components by mass: 0.5-1g of vitamin A, 0.16-0.4g of vitamin D3, 4-5g of calcium pantothenate, 6-20g of 90% vitamin C, 1-10g of vitamin E, 1.5g of vitamin B2, 0.1-0.5g of vitamin B1, 0.3-0.5g of vitamin B6, 0.3-1.2g of vitamin B12, 6g of nicotinic acid, 0.6-1.0g of folic acid, 1-2g of biotin, 18-40g of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 0.5-1.2g of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 16-28g of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 28-40g of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.3-0.7g of sodium selenite and the balance of mixture of rice chaff and husk. Not only can the feed meet the basic nutrition requirements of the broilers, but also the content of certain vitamins and the usage of acidifiers, plant extracts and probioties are properly increased, so that the situation of feed passage of the broilers in summer can be prevented effectively; by virtue of the cooperation of a large quantity of raw materials and the feed, the other nutrient substances which are needed by the broilers can be supplemented, so that the feed is very convenient and beneficial to wide popularization.

A vitanine feed for culturing rainbow trout contains VA, VD, VE, VK, thiamine, riboflavin, calcium pantothenate, pyridoxine, biotin, folic acid, VB12, VC, choline chloride, oil, soybean cake powder, etc.

The invention provides feed for improving meat quality of chicks. The feed comprises a main feed component, galactomannan, L-carnitine, chromium nicotinate, soybean lecithin, bee pollen, salt, bone meal, sodium bicarbonate, an amino acid additive, a vitamin additive, a traditional Chinese medicine feed additive and a microbe preparation.

The invention discloses a novel infant formula rice flour. The novel infant formula rice flour is prepared from the following raw materials by weight percent: 30-40% of fried rice, 32-40% of rice flakes, 20-40% of common rice flour, 0.1-1% of isomaltooligosacharide, 0.01-0.05% of taurine, 0.069% of vitamin A, 0.00089% of vitamin D, 0.093% of vitamin B1, 0.00071% of biotin, 0.286% of nicotinic acid and 0.5-0.7% of a compound nutrient, wherein the compound nutrient comprises mineral substances including 2.94% of a ferrous substance, 3.26% of a zinc substance and 93.80% of a calcium substance. The novel infant formula rice flour is good in reconstitution property, uniform in dispersion of nutrients, low in heat causing, good in blending performance, simple in preparation process, and worthy of popularization.

The invention provides a formula of an inducing medium for tomato anther culture breeding. According to the formula, the inducing medium is prepared from KNO3, NH4NO3, KH2PO4, MgSO4.H2O, CaCl2.2H2O, Na2-EDTA, FeSO4.7H2O, MnSO4.H2O, ZnSO4.7H2O, H3BO3, KI, CuSO4.5H2O, CoCl.6H2O, NaMoO4.2H2O, AgNO3, inositol, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, nicotinic acid, glycine, folic acid, cyclic guanosine monophosphate, maltose, cane sugar, phytagel, 2,4-D, kinetin, complex phthalein nucleic acid, biotin, vitamin C, active carbon and protein hydrolysate at a proper proportion. The medium has the advantage of efficiently inducing tomato anther to generate pollen calli, and can significantly improve the tomato anther culture efficiency and quicken the tomato improved variety breeding progress.

The invention relates to a special vitamin feed additive for egg-type breeding chicken and a preparation method for the special vitamin feed. The feed additive is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 5-8 parts of vitamin A, 5-10 parts of vitamin E, 5-10 parts of vitamin C, 10-30 parts of montmorillonite, 10-20 parts of methionine, 10-20 parts of lysine, 1-5 parts of arsanilic acid, 0.5-1 part of vitamin B2, 0.5-1 part of biotin, 0.5-1 part of nicotinic acid, 5-10 parts of VB6 and 5-10 parts of D-calcium pantothenate. The feed additive disclosed by the invention has capacity of keeping normal dark adaptation, can be used for keeping normal vision to promote biosynthesis of proteins and differentiation of bone cells, promote the growth of a body and development of bones, promote the development of the egg cell, improve the quality of the egg cells and increase the ovulation quantity, improve the sperm quality of breeding chicken, increase the fertility rate of eggs and improve the vigour and quantity of sperm cells, and has effects on increasing the hatching rate, fertility rate and survival rate of chicks of hatching eggs.

The invention discloses a method for preparing compound simvastatin nicotinate sustained-release capsules, and belongs to the field of medicinal preparations. Components of the simvastatin nicotinate sustained-release capsules can exert a synergistic effect in vitro and comprehensively regulate the components of blood fat, so that the medicinal effect is furthest exerted, the toxic or side effect of the medicament can be reduced, fluctuation of blood concentration in vitro is reduced, and the administration frequency of a patient is reduced; and by designing pellets, the contact area between the medicament and the digestive tract is greatly improved, and the bioavailability of the medicament is improved. The method is strong in specificity, good in reproducibility, high in precision and convenient to operate; the capsules can be well applied to treatment of hyperlipidemia and abnormal mixed blood fat; and safety, effectiveness and controllability of clinical medication are really ensured.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a special tissue culture solution for dendrobium candidum. The preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving potassium iodide, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid, sodium molybdate, copper sulfate and cobalt chloride to obtain a first component; dissolving ferrous sulfate and disodium edetate dehydrate to obtain a second component; dissolving inositol, nicotinic acid, pyridoxine hydrochloride, thiamine hydrochloride and glycine to obtain a third component; weighing peeled potatoes, adding the potatoes in a food processer, stirring to obtain mashed potato, adding coconut milk in the mashed potato, and uniformly mixing to obtain a material A; adding ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate and monopotassium phosphate in water to dissolve to obtain a material B; heating the material A, and adding the material B when the material A is heated, uniformly stirring, sequentially adding the first component, the second component and the third component, continuously adding brown sugar and agar, uniformly stirring, and regulating a pH value to obtain a mixed material; packaging the mixed material to sterilize at a high temperature and under high pressure, cooling the sterilized material to a room temperature to obtain the special tissue culture solution for the dendrobium candidum.

The invention discloses an edible fungus noodle, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 to 90 parts of barley, 45 to 55 parts of vigna eylindrica, 25 to 35 parts of seed of Job's tears, 10 to 15 parts of pumpkin flower, 20 to 25 parts of bolete, 20 to 25 parts of pleurotus nebrodensis, 18 to 24 parts of pholiota nameko, 1 to 2 parts of white glorybower, 1 to 3 parts of hawthorn, 1 to 2 parts of viola inconspicua, 1 to 2 parts of hollyhock root, 1 to 2 parts of noodle additive, and a proper amount of water. The preparation method takes barley, vigna eylindrica, and seed of Job's tears as the main raw materials; wherein the barley has the functions of treating diabetes, removing heat toxin, tonifying qi and the middle, relieving the fatigue, strengthening the blood vessel, moistening the skin, and relieving the hunger; the vigna eylindrica contains following components: protein, fat, sugar, phosphor, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, stigmasterol, phosphatide, cyanophoric glycoside, blood coagulation factor, and the like; the bolete has the functions of fortifying the spleen, removing the dampness, clearing the heat, relieving the temper, nourishing the blood, regulating the middle, expelling the wind and cold, relaxing the muscles, activating the blood, tonifying deficiency, and refreshing; and the pleurotus nebrodensis has the functions of removing food retention, killing parasites, relieving cough, modulating the human physiological balance, and strengthening the human immunity.