The invention discloses a magnetic molecularly-imprinted polymer for identifying and enriching varieties of trace antibiotics and a preparation method and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps of mixing multiple types of template molecules and functional monomers, then, carrying out prepolymerization, then, adding surface modified Fe3O4 magnetic fluid, a cross-linking agent and an initiating agent so as to carry out polymerization reaction, collecting a polymer, which is obtained after the polymerization reaction is ended, with a magnetic substance, eluting the template molecules, then, washing with deionized water, and then, drying, thus obtaining the magnetic molecularly-imprinted polymer for identifying and enriching various of trace antibiotics. According to the magnetic molecularly-imprinted polymer for identifying and enriching varieties of trace antibiotics and the preparation method and application thereof, the varieties of trace antibiotics can be selectively identified and enriched and quickly, simply and conveniently separated at one time, so that the cost and time are greatly reduced, the efficiency is effectively increased, and the magnetic molecularly-imprinted polymer has a broad application prospect in the pretreatment of complicated samples in the fields of food, environment and the like.