The invention discloses a preparation method of a composite pantograph pan of an electric locomotive. The preparation method comprises the following steps of (1), uniformly mixing silicon carbide powder, pitch coke powder and graphite powder, then adding molten high-temperature pitch, uniformly mixing at 130 to 150 DEG C, subsequently, cooling, and grinding a cooled mixture into powder with the granularity of 350 to 400 meshes, wherein the contents, in parts by weight, of the silicon carbide powder, the pitch coke powder, the graphite powder and the high-temperature pitch are 5 to 15 parts, 50to 60 parts, 5 to 10 parts and 25 to 30 parts respectively; (2), uniformly dispersing uniformly dispersed reduced graphene oxide dispersion liquid onto the powder obtained in the step (1) through spray drying; (3), predrying the powder obtained in the step (2), curing at 150 to 160 DEG C, enabling the cured powder to pass through a screw extruder, extruding to obtain a carbon pan blank of a required specification, roasting the carbon pan blank, and then discharging from a furnace, so that the composite pan is obtained. The preparation method provided by the invention is brief in process; a product is excellent in performance and good in self-lubricating property, further, does not damage a conducting wire, and is suitable to massively produce, and production equipment is simple.