The invention relates to the field of new materials and in particular relates to a preparation method of a filler particle enhanced aluminium alloy composite material. A cast aluminium alloy ZAlSi8MgBe is selected as a matrix alloy; filler particles include tetrapod-like zinc oxide whiskers, aramid fibers, glass fibers, nano titanium dioxide and silicon carbide, wherein the weights of tetrapod-like zinc oxide whiskers, aramid fibers, glass fiber, nano titanium dioxide and silicon carbide account for 6-8%, 4-5%, 3-4%, 1-2% and 2-3% of the mass of the cast aluminium alloy ZAlSi8MgBe, respectively; and all the filler particles are modified or pre-processed, and then stirred and cast with the matrix aluminium alloy, so that the filler particle enhanced aluminium alloy composite material is obtained. The aluminium alloy composite material prepared by using the preparation method disclosed by the invention is low in weight, high in specific strength and specific rigidity, low in coefficient of thermal expansion, and excellent in thermal conductivity and abrasive resistance, and further easy to prepare and low in cost; and the enhancement phase is dispersively distributed in the matrix and has isotropy; and therefore, the composite material is suitable for various complex stress states.