The invention belongs to the technical field of
covalent organic framework membrane materials, discloses a preparation method of an aperture-adjustable ultra-microporous membrane constructed on the basis of ethynyl functionalized COF, and explores application of the aperture-adjustable ultra-microporous membrane in
ion separation. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, constructing a COF membrane with an alkynyl structure by adopting a liquid-liquid
interfacial polymerization mode, and then realizing precise
cutting and
functional modification of a COF pore channel structure through a
copper-catalyzed
azide-alkynyl
cycloaddition reaction, so as to obtain the ultra-microporous COF membrane with adjustable
pore diameter. By selecting azidation
cutting agents with different structures, flexible regulation and control on the
pore diameter structure of the membrane can be realized, and the separation selectivity on
lithium and
magnesium ions is remarkably improved. According to the
membrane structure, the
diffusion rate of
magnesium ions is effectively reduced and the flux and selectivity of
lithium ions are improved while the original frame
crystallinity is maintained. The prepared
cutting type COF film has good
crystallinity, a uniform film
surface structure and controllable aperture adjusting capability. The method is easy and convenient to operate, mild in condition and wide in application range, and the obtained membrane material has high stability and
high selectivity and has good application prospects in efficient
lithium extraction and separation of
salt lake water resources with the
high magnesium-lithium ratio.