The invention relates to the field of preparation of novel materials, and aims to provide a preparation method of multi-purpose tin, iron and zirconium doped silicon dioxide microspheres. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding dibutyltin diacetate, ferric oleate, zirconium tetrachloride and tetraethylortho silicate in n-propanol, and stirring to obtain a mixture A; after uniformly mixing ricinoleic acid sodium sulfovinate, n-butanol and deionized water, adding the mixture into the mixture A, and stirring to obtain mixed liquid B; keeping adding lysine, and stirring to obtain mixed liquid C; and adding zinc chloride for demulsification, and centrifugally separating to obtain powder D, and carrying out heat treatment to obtain the multi-purpose tin, iron and zirconium doped silicon dioxide microspheres. By the powder of the invention, the shortcoming that an existing silicon dioxide high infrared emission wave band region is not superposed to an atmosphere window region is overcome, the multi-purpose tin, iron and zirconium doped silicon dioxide microspheres can be applied to a heat-insulation coating as effective infrared emission type filler, the infrared emitting ability of the multi-purpose tin, iron and zirconium doped silicon dioxide microspheres is greater than 0.94, and a new application field of a silicon dioxide powder material is opened up. The electrical property of a prepared silver-based conductive composite material is far higher than that of an existing product.