The invention provides a synthesis method and application of a poly (N-heterocyclic
carbene)
copper material, and solves the defect that most poly (N-heterocyclic
carbene)
copper complexes prepared by the existing preparation method are irregular in morphology. Controllable construction of rod-shaped, sheet-shaped and spherical poly-N-heterocyclic
carbene copper materials is achieved through a universal method; firstly, molecules with
benzyl bromide groups are used as connectors, imidazolyl molecules are used as monomers,
acetonitrile or 1, 4-dioxane is used as a
solvent I, the growth speeds vx, vy and vz in three different directions of x, y and z are effectively regulated and controlled in the quaternization and self-
assembly process of the connectors and the monomers through cooperation of different types of connectors, monomers and solvents I, and the growth rates vx, vy and vz in the three different directions of x, y and z are effectively regulated and controlled. The rod-shaped, sheet-shaped or spherical polyimidazole salt can be controllably prepared; and then, under the protection of an
inert atmosphere, polyimidazolium salt is used as a framework, and
deprotonation of the imidazolium salt is coordinated with
copper salt under an alkaline condition, so that a rod-shaped, sheet-shaped or spherical poly-N-heterocyclic carbene copper material is controllably constructed.