The invention discloses a barium sulfate-based superfine functional powder material subjected to surface modification. The material is prepared by surface modification of barium sulfate powder suspension through a finishing agent, wherein the finishing agent is stearate, silicate, an organic complexing agent or a coupling agent provided with functional groups, and the particle diameter of barium sulfate powder is between 100 namometers and 2 mu m. The preparation method for the material comprises the following steps: barium sulfate, a sulfuric acid solution and a dusting agent perform synthesis reaction, and the barium sulfate powder suspension obtained after reaction is subjected to slaking, separation, washing, slurrying, surface modification and drying to obtain a finished product, wherein the dusting agent is sulfate, phosphate, silica sol, organic complexing agent or sodium polyethylene. The powder material has the advantages of small particle diameter, strong functionality, low cost and so on, and the preparation method has the advantages of small investment, low energy consumption, simple technology, no pollution, superior product performance and so on.