The invention discloses a natural black hair dyeing composition which comprises a composition A and a composition B. The composition A comprises, by weight, 0.1-10% of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 0.1-10%of compound amino acid, 0.01-2% of EDTA-2 natrium, 0.01-2% of p-phenylenediamine, 0.01-1.25% of resorcinol, 0.1-15% of vitamin C, 0.1-10% of sodium sulfite, 0.1-15% of triethanolamine, 0.1-10% of ethanol amine, 0.1-10% of speckle aloe extracts, 0.1-10% of ginseng extracts, 0.1-10% of cockscomb extracts, 0.1-10% of large-leaf Pu'er tea extracts, 0.1-10% of polyquaternium, 0.01-2% of an antiseptic composition, 0.1-10% of phosphoric acid, 0.1-15% of potassium hydroxide, 0.01-2% of essence and the balance deionized water. The composition B comprises, by weight, 0.1-10% of hydroxy propyl cellulose,0.1-5% of reducing glue, 6-20% of hydrogen peroxide, 0.01-1% of a hydrogen peroxide stable composition, 0.1-10% of potassium hydroxide, 0.1-10% of phosphoric acid and the balance deionized water. Thehair dyeing composition can rapidly dye hair, effectively reduce and even eliminate allergy, protect hair follicles from chemical contamination injuries, reduce hair mechanical injuries and heat injuries and prevent alopecia.