The invention provides a water-saving and a high-efficient planting method for a sweet patato in dry land. The water-saving and high-efficient planting method for sweet patato in dry land comprises the following steps: early swelled sweet patatoes of short-vine variety are selected, deep ploughing is carried out after autumn harvest of corn or soybean, ploughing depth is 35 cm-40 cm, the first healthy and strong seedlings in a seedling shed are selected as sweet patato seedlings, soil is fertilized, ridged and coated with film after a first rainfall with rainfall capacity of more than 12mm inearly spring and spraying pesticides, when soil temperature in the film is at 12 DEG C to 15 DEG C in mid-April, stem bases of the sweet patato seedlings at the position of 10cm are soaked with a 20%triazophos microcapsule suspension agent, then the sweet patato seedlings are planted, are chemically weeded after 25 d-30 d of plantation, and are harvested in early August to obtain sweet patatoes.The core method for the water-saving and high-efficient planting method for sweet patato is ''one high and seven early'', ''high'' means high planting density, "early" means deep ploughing, early ridging and film coating, early planting, early tuber forming, early weeding, and early harvest, all natural rainfalls are stored in the soil for growth of sweet patatoes, high-efficient untilization of the natural rainfalls is realized, and high-yield plantation of sweet potatoes in dry land is realized.