171results about How to "Increase the effective specific surface area" patented technology

The invention discloses a composite carbon-based electrode material used for super capacitors and its preparing method, and it is composed of nano metals, nano metal composite oxide, activated carbon and nano carbon fiber, effectively using the activated carbon with high specific surface area and the nano carbon fiber to provide a double electric layer capacitor for a super capacitor, combining a Faraday quasi-capacitor provided by the nano metal oxide, and at the same time using the high electric conductivity of the nano carbon fiber and nano metals and the nano cooperation effect, thus increasing its capacitor and power densities and able to obtain the super capacitors with high energy and power densities, and the invention is low-cost and easy for commercial application.

The invention relates to a method for selectively separating lignin and cellulose from lignocellulose biomasses, belonging to the field of chemical engineering extraction. The method comprises the steps of: a. pretreatment of the lignocellulose biomasses; b. dissolution of lignocelluloses and degradation of biomasses; and c. extraction and separation. According to the method, the extraction rate of the lignin reaches above 90%, the recovery rate of ionic liquid, namely 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole chroline salt ([Bmim]C1) also reach above 80%, and the cyclic utilization of the ionic liquid can be realized so that production cost is reduced, the lignin and cellulose are simultaneously extracted from the lignocellulose biomasses through control of reaction conditions so that energy consumption is obviously reduced; and the method is suitable for industrial production.

The invention provides a hollow core-shell Pt@Ni/graphene three-dimensional composite catalyst and a preparation method. A PtNi nano alloy of a hollow core-shell structure is uniformly loaded on the surface of graphene by virtue of an electrochemical deposition method by taking the graphene as a carrier and a polymer nanosphere as a template. The catalyst is represented by adopting a SEM and an electrochemical method. The composite catalyst is uniformly deposited among graphene sheet layers, so as to effectively prevent accumulation between graphene nanosheets, improve the dispersion degree of the catalyst and increase the active surface area of the catalyst. Test results of cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry show that the hollow core-shell Pt@Ni/graphene three-dimensional composite catalyst is relatively good in catalytic activity and CO poisoning resistance on methanol oxidation and also is good in stability.

The invention provides a self-supporting type nano-porous nickel/nickel oxide combined electrode plate and a preparation method thereof. The electrode plate is composed of a current collector and active substance, the current collector is composed of a nickel-based amorphous alloy base body and nano-porous nickel, and the active substance is nano nickel oxide which grows on the surface of the nano-porous nickel. The cross section of the electrode plate comprises three layers, the middle core layer is the nickel-based amorphous alloy base body, the surfaces of the two sides of the middle core layer are covered by combined electrode material layers composed of nano-porous nickel and nano nickel oxide, the thickness of the electrode plate is 25-35 micrometers, the thickness of each nano-porous nickel/nickel oxide combined electrode material layer is 2.1-3.5 micrometers, and the nickel-based amorphous alloy is composed of Ni40 + x (Ti0.35 Zr0.45 Al0.20) 60 - x (x=0-5). The effective specific area of active substance NiO is improved, the actual capacitance characteristic, which can be given to play in a super capacitor, of nickel oxide is improved, and the specific capacitance of the combined electrode plate can reach up to 847.9 F/cm<3>.

The invention discloses a high-sensitivity gas sensor based on a microchannel plate three-dimensional structure and a production method of the high-sensitivity gas sensor. The high-sensitivity gas sensor consists of a detection module and a heating module; the detection module is bonded with the heating module through an electrically-conductive sizing agent; the detection module and the heating module are respectively provided with two lead leading-out electrodes, i.e. a detection electrode and a heating electrode, the detection module and the heating module are packaged inside a packaging tube shell, and the packaging tube shell is provided with at least four electrodes; the detection module is sequentially formed by an upper electrode, a microchannel plate and a lower electrode from top to bottom; the heating module is sequentially formed by a heat insulation substrate, a heating resistance coil and an insulation film from bottom to top. The high-sensitivity gas sensor has the beneficial effects that the effective specific surface area of a gas-sensitivity film can be improved, so that the sensitivity of the gas sensor can be improved; the porous structure of the microchannel plate favors the successful passing of detected gas, so that the test sensitivity and reaction speed of a device can be improved.

The invention provides a horizontal type three-phase biological fluidized bed and a sewage treatment method thereof. According to the horizontal type three-phase biological fluidized bed, a water inlet and water distribution anaerobic zone, a high-load facultative biological treatment zone, a baffling zone, a low-load aerobic biological treatment zone and a settling pond are horizontally arranged from a water inlet end to a water outlet end, and moreover suspended biological stuffing layers are arranged inside other zones except the baffling zone. Sewage is fed into the water inlet and water distribution anaerobic zone, in an anaerobic environment, BOD organic maters in the wastewater are converted into a fermentation product by facultative fermentation bacteria, polymerized phosphate stored in the cells is decomposed by phosphorus-accumulating bacteria, and then the sewage is fed into the high-load facultative biological treatment zone to remove COD and nitrogen, is further fed into the low-load aerobic biological treatment zone to reduce phosphorus in the effluent, and is finally settled, clarified and filtered by the settling pond so as to obtain clean water. As all process steps are accomplished in one same horizontal pond, the land is saved, the phenomenon that equipment such as a pump and a valve is blocked when dispersed type stuffing is adopted to treat sewage is avoided, and a carrier is prevented from loss, piling or hardening.

The invention relates to a high temperature resistant abio-antibiosis materials and preparation method, using nm hydroxyapatite of loading antibiotic metal and micron order and porous diatomite minerals as raw materials, thereby realizing compound of nm hydroxyapatite of loading antibiotic metal and diatomite. The specific preparation method comprises the steps of: using nm hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 as the carrier, adding antibiotic metal salt of silver, zinc, and copper and the like, wherein antibiotic metal ions account for 1-8% of the total weight of antibiotic materials; then adding diatomite for mixed reaction, prepared through solid-liquid separation, drying, crushing and high temperature calcination and the like. The materials have excellent micro organism resistance and fire resisting quality, and can be directly applied or applied as functional additives in all industrial fields of antibiotic and disinfectant process and the field of high-temperature machined ceramics.

The invention discloses a preparation method for nitrogen-doped graphene, which belongs to the technical field of carbon materials. The preparation method comprises the following steps: dispersing hard template montmorillonite in water to form a suspension and adjusting a pH value to 1 to 5; dissolving nitrogen-containing organic micromolecules which are used as a carbon source in the suspension and adding a polymerization initiator to induce polymerization of the carbon source; subjecting a polymerization product to filtering and washing and drying and calcining a filter cake; and removing the hard template by using hydrofluoric acid and carrying out repeated washing by using deionized water so as to obtain the nitrogen-doped graphene. According to the invention, the cheap nitrogen-containing organic micromolecules are used as the carbon source, the parallel structural and the nanometer spatial confinement effect of the hard template are employed, so the nitrogen-doped graphene with few defects and high quality is formed in carbonization of organic matters; and the method has the advantages of simple operation, safety, no toxicity, short reaction time and low cost.

The invention relates to a method for preparing an iron disulfide/carbon composite positive electrode material for a disposable lithium battery. According to the method, carbon covers the surfaces of iron disulfide particles, the mass percentage of iron disulfide is 75-99.5%, and the mass percentage of carbon is 0.5-25%. The method comprises the following specific steps: mixing pyrite and a carbon source substance according to the mass ratio of (75-95): (5-60), dispersing into a dispersing agent, and carrying out ball milling for 1-10 hours, so as to obtain a mixed paste material; drying the obtained mixed paste material for 1-10 hours in a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 80-150 DEG C, heating the dried precursor material to the temperature of 300-500 DEG C under the protection of inert gas, maintaining for 1-8 hours, then, cooling to room temperature, and sifting, thereby obtaining the iron disulfide/carbon composite positive electrode material for the disposable lithium battery.

The invention discloses a method for preparing surface mesoporous silica core-shell microspheres. The method comprises: selecting monodisperse non-porous silica microspheres with the particle size of 1 to 3 microns, dispersing quaternary ammonium salt B and quaternary ammonium salt A dispersing agents in ethanol water, dispersing the silica microspheres in water, adding a mixed surface active agent solution, regulating a pH value to be 7.5 to 10 by using ammonia water, adding tetraethoxysilane and/or tetramethoxysilane solution, washing, drying, calcining and removing a structure-directing agent, thereby obtaining the surface mesoporous silica core-shell microspheres. By utilizing the quaternary ammonium salt with two different carbon chain lengths as co-structure-directing agent, the core-shell microspheres with a relatively larger radioactive mesoporous structure are prepared; by regulating the proportion of two quaternary ammonium salt structure-directing agents, the mesoporous aperture is controllable in a range of 4 to 20 nm, the obtained radioactive mesoporous structure increases effective specific surface areas of the microspheres, and the application of the microspheres in adsorption, catalysis and separation analysis is improved.

The invention discloses a ferrous disulfide/carbon composite cathode material of primary lithium battery, wherein the mass percentage of ferrous disulfide is 50-99.5 percent, and the mass percentage of carbon is 0.5-50 percent. The preparation method comprises the steps of: (1) mixing a carbon source material with dispersant in mass ratio of 1:(20-120) to obtain suspension; adding pyrite to the suspension, wherein the mass ratio of the pyrite to the carbon source is (90-99.5):(0.5-10), then mixing for 1-10h to obtain mixed paste; and (2), heating the mixed paste obtained from the step 1 to reach the temperature of 50-150 DEG C under the protection of an inert gas, keeping the temperature for 1-40h, then heating to reaching the temperature of 250-400 DEG C, keeping the temperature for 1-20h, then cooling to the room temperature, and obtaining granular ferrous disulfide/carbon composite cathode material of the primary lithium battery through ball-milling and sieving. The invention has the advantage that the battery prepared by the composite cathode material has higher large-current discharge performance and remarkably improved discharge plateau potential.

The invention discloses a denitriding microbial nest based on basalt fiber filling materials and a culture method thereof. The denitriding microbial nest is attached onto a basalt fiber beam, and sequentially comprises an aerobic layer, an anoxic layer, an anaerobic layer and the like from outside to inside. Through the combination of the basalt fiber filling materials, a bioreactor and an aerator, the sewage is treated; the air and active sludge realize the strong mixing through the aerator; an ascending flow is generated; circulation flows are formed at the two sides of the basalt fiber filling materials; under the hydraulic effect, the basalt fiber beam performs coating and support on the active sludge attached onto the surface of the fiber beam; under the layered coverage of the basalt fiber on the active sludge, the spherical or spheroid active sludge microorganism aggregates, i.e., the denitriding microbial nests are gradually formed. The denitriding microbial nests are subjected to domestication culture; the goal of removing nitrogen in the sewage is achieved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of material processing, and particularly relates to a porous flaky molybdenum phosphide/carbon composite material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps of providing a molybdenum source, a phosphorus source, a carbon source and sodium chloride; dissolving the molybdenum source, the phosphorus source, the carbon source and sodium chloride in a water solvent to obtain a mixed solution; drying the mixed solution to obtain precursor powder; calcining the precursor powder, and then cleaning to obtain the porous flaky molybdenum phosphide/carbon composite material. According to the preparation method disclosed by the invention, the high-purity two-dimensional flaky molybdenum phosphide/carbon composite material can be obtained, the whole preparation process is safe and reliable, the process conditions are simple and easy to control, the production cost is low, and the preparation method is suitable for industrial large-scale production; the obtained porous flaky molybdenum phosphide/carbon composite material has the characteristics of small molybdenum phosphide particle size, high purity and large effective specific surface area, shows good catalytic activity similar to platinum, and can be widely applied to the field of catalysis.

The invention discloses a non-noble metal oxygen evolution catalyst CuNiS2 with high activity, high stability and controllable shape, and discloses a preparation method and application thereof. The catalyst is prepared by a method for high-temperature thermal injection, the operation is simple, and the aim of controllable synthesis of the shapes of nano particles is fulfilled. According to the preparation method, on the basis of a synthesized CuS nano hexagon, a nickel source is added into the system, so that a nano sheet CuNiS2 with an irregular edge structure is synthesized; therefore, the relative specific surface area of the catalyst system is enlarged; due to the special irregular edge structure, the oxygen evolution material has a large quantity of active sites, and metal nickel is extremely high in conductivity, so that the conductivity of the whole system is improved, the kinetic rate of electronic transmission is increased, and the activity of the material is enhanced.

The invention relates to a treatment method of medium-high-voltage anode foils. The treatment method comprises the following steps: pretreatment, four-level formation, thermal treatment, second formation treatment, phosphoric acid depolarization treatment, third formation treatment, second thermal treatment, fourth formation treatment and phosphorization treatment, wherein the pretreatment is as follows: boiling for 2-7 minutes in purified water and then treating for 5-20 minutes in 0.2-2.0wt% of silicate solution; four-level formation is carried out in different formation voltages, and all levels of formation voltages are respectively 50-200V, 300-400V, 450-600V and 520-650V; the first-level formation is carried out in a phosphate and citrate mixed solution at 75-90DEG C, wherein the concentrations of phosphate and citrate are 0.15wt%-0.24wt%. By utilizing the treatment method, the blockage rate of corroded foils can be reduced, the utilization ratio of surface area of the corroded foils can be improved, so that the purposes of not only promoting the specific volume of the anode foils, but also increasing the quality of an oxidized film under the condition of not increasing formation energy consumption can be achieved.

The invention provides an amide polymer derived one-dimensional nitrogen-doped nano-carbon electrode material and a preparation method. The one-dimensional nitrogen-doped nano-carbon electrode material, which can be used as an electrode material of a lithium/sodium ion battery and a super capacitor, is prepared, so that the original amide engineering plastic with a low added value can be used in the field of green energy, the cost is effectively reduced, and the electrochemical performance is improved. The one-dimensional nitrogen-doped nano-carbon electrode material is characterized in that the one-dimensional nitrogen-doped nano-carbon electrode material is prepared by the raw material of an amide polymer or an amide polymer composite material through high-temperature carbonization underthe protection of an inert gas, wherein the amide polymer is an amide polymer with a one-dimensional nano structure, which is obtained by carrying out low-temperature salification on anhydride and amine monomers and then carrying out solvothermal reaction; the amide polymer composite material is an amide polymer composite material with a one-dimensional nano structure obtained by carrying out low-temperature salification on anhydride and amine monomers, mixing salt with a one-dimensional carbon nano material and carrying out solvothermal reaction.

The invention discloses a hollow core-shell structure catalyst for catalytic oxidation of nitrogen oxide and a preparation method of the hollow core-shell structure catalyst. The catalyst is a gamma-MnO2@MOx catalyst with a hollow core-shell structure, which is obtained by taking gamma-MnO2 of a hollow structure as a catalyst core and coating a mesoporous structure metal oxide MOx shell with a certain mass fraction on the catalyst core. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the catalyst. The hollow core-shell structure catalyst obtained by the method has the multi-functional advantages of high activity at low temperature, strong poisoning resistance and good stability, and has the advantages of simple preparation process, low raw material cost and good industrial applicationprospect.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a graphene super capacitor electrode material, in particular to a preparation method of a 3D bowl-shaped graphene super capacitor electrode material of a mixed nanometer structure. The method aims to solve the problems that in an existing graphene preparation method, over-high temperature may cause qualitative changes of a graphene structure and formation of graphene wrinkles, charge transmission is hindered, the charge annihilation probability is increased, the effective area for charge transmission and storage is greatly reduced accordingly, and due to the fact that the area of a two-dimensional plane substrate is definite, the amount of graphene which can be deposited is limited and the effective specific area of electrode materials cannot be increased continuously. The method comprises the steps that a substrate material is placed into a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition vacuum device, argon is led into the device, the intensity of pressure is adjusted, temperature rising is conducted, annealing processing is conducted on the substrate material, carbon source gas is led into the device for deposition, and finally, cooling is conducted until room temperature is reached. The preparation method is used for preparing the 3D bowl-shaped graphene super capacitor electrode material of the mixed nanometer structure.

The invention discloses a preparation method of an air permeable electrode. The preparation method comprises the following steps that (1), a porous titanium substrate is made; (2), the surface of the titanium substrate is treated; (3), the precursor is deposited, specifically, the titanium substrate is placed in an ethanol aqueous solution, containing titanium dichloride, ruthenium chloride and iridium chloride, with the pH value being 1-5 to be deposited; (4), electrolyzing is conducted; and (5), sintering is conducted, and the air permeable electrode is obtained. The obtained air permeable electrode is large in effective specific area, the NaClO yield of the air permeable electrode is much higher than that of a traditional electrode, salt consumption and electricity consumption are low, and energy saving and emission reduction are achieved.

The invention relates to a super-hydrophobic electroactive anti-pitting coating capable of being solidified under normal temperature and a preparation method thereof. The super-hydrophobic electroactive anti-pitting coating is characterized by being prepared from FEVE fluorocarbon resin, a curing agent, a polyaniline/Halloysite nanotube conductive composite material, super-hydrophobic nanometer filler and an organic solvent. The preparation method comprises the steps of 1, surface pretreatment of a metallic matrix; 2, preparation of the coating, wherein the FEVE fluorocarbon resin and the curing agent are dissolved into the organic solvent, magnetic stirring and ageing are conducted, the polyaniline/Halloysite nanotube conductive composite material and the super-hydrophobic nanometer filler are added in sequence, ultrasonic dispersion is conducted for 30 minutes, stirring is conducted for 30 minutes, and then paint is obtained; the metallic matrix treated in the step 1 is brush-coatedor dip-coated or spray-coated with the paint, after solidification under normal temperature is conducted for 1 hour, the super-hydrophobic electroactive anti-pitting coating is obtained. The super-hydrophobic electroactive anti-pitting coating capable of being solidified under normal temperature has the advantages of outstanding super-hydrophobicity, self cleaning, drag reduction, wear resistance,pitting corrosion resistance, scratch resistance and weather resistance, and the coating has good social and economical benefits.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a nanoscale molecular sieve@ graphene oxide coupled material. The technical scheme comprises the following steps: (1), sufficiently mixing nano-zeolitesilicon source and aluminum source solutions; (2), ageing, washing and drying the mixed solution at low temperature, so as to obtain molecular sieve amorphous precursor, and ensuring that the pH value is 8 after washing; (3), performing stirring, ultrasonic mixing and ageing on the molecular sieve amorphous precursor and graphene; (4), adding alkaline substance into the aged solution, and crystallizing, washing and drying a formed reaction solution, so as to obtain a product. The method has the beneficial effects that firstly, reagents adopted for reaction are available, low-in cost, green and pollution-free; secondly, molecular sieve crystal adopts nanoscale, and effective specific surface area is high; thirdly, nanoscale molecular sieve adopts a small packed structure, and a gas diffusion path is short; fourthly, the micropore utilization efficiency of the molecular sieve is improved through modes of cage expansion or cage opening; fifthly, the composite property of the material ishigher than that of other organic matter and inorganic matter.

The invention provides a composite material for in-situ growth of ternary cobalt nickel molybdenum oxide on graphene and a two-step synthesis method thereof, and relates to the field of graphene and metal oxide composite materials. The composite material adopts the graphene as a substrate, and cobalt oxide nanorods of a rod-like structure are in-situ grown and combined on the graphene substrate; nickel molybdenum oxide nanorods of a rod-like structure are in-situ grown and combined on the cobalt oxide nanorods. According to the composite material, the extremely thin graphene increases the specific surface area of the material, and the utilization ratio of an active material is improved; cobalt oxide materials are connected together through the graphene, so that the materials are in whole conduction, and the material failure caused by weak electric conductivity is avoided; a layered structure avoids the agglomeration phenomenon of the material, a three-dimensional loose porous morphology is formed, the specific surface area of the material is further increased, and the material capacitance is improved.

The invention discloses a carbon-based binder-free composite material as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of carbon material preparation. The carbon-based binderless composite material comprises a matrix, a carbon film and structural carbon. The carbon film is loaded on the surface of the matrix, and the structural carbon integrally formed with the carbon film grows on the carbon film. Alkali metal and alkaline earth metal catalysts are added in the preparation process, so that a carbon source is deposited on the surface of the matrix toform an integrally formed carbon film and structural carbon, the use of a binder is avoided, the effective specific surface area of the composite material is increased, the bonding strength and electrical contact performance of the carbon material and the matrix are improved, the electron, ion and atom transmission and chemical structure characteristics of the surface of the material are modified,and the composite material with excellent physical and chemical properties is prepared. The composite material prepared by the invention can be used for various battery electrodes, capacitor electrodes, various sensor electrodes, solar cell electrodes, water electrolysis hydrogen production electrodes, hydrogen storage materials, catalysts, catalyst carriers, composite material reinforcing materials and the like.