The invention relates to the field of preparation of diaphragms of alkaline batteries such as zinc-silver batteries, and in particular relates to a zinc-silver battery composite diaphragm with an inorganic coating and a preparation method of the zinc-silver battery composite diaphragm. The composite diaphragm comprises an organic polymer material bottom film and the inorganic coating which is coated on the surface of the organic polymer material bottom film. The organic polymer material bottom film is used for ensuring the flexibility of the diaphragm, and a hydrophilic inorganic material endows the diaphragm with high liquid absorption rate, high oxidation resistance and high alkaline corrosion resistance. Meanwhile, inorganic particles have a function of regulating the aperture size of the composite diaphragm. Film-coating paste is obtained by mixing the inorganic particles, an adhesive, additives and the like, the inorganic coating is coated on the surface of the organic polymer material bottom film, and the composite diaphragm is obtained through a drying process and the like. An inorganic material and a conventional organic polymer material are composited, the advantages of the two materials are integrated, and the defects of a conventional zinc-silver battery diaphragm are overcome. The zinc-silver battery composite diaphragm has the characteristics of simple filming process, low cost, high comprehensive performance and the like, and the large-scale and large-size production of diaphragms is facilitated.