The invention belongs to the field of electrode material preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a high-performance cabbage-shaped heterostructure electrode material. The method comprises the following steps of pretreating foamed nickel, dissolving 2-3 mmol of nickel acetate, 4-5 mmol of cobalt acetate, 2-3 mmol of sodium molybdate, 30-40 mmol of ammonium fluoride and 2-5 g of urea into 60-100 ml of water, stirring, reacting, cooling, cleaning and drying to obtain a prepared sample, dissolving 8-9 mmol of sodium sulfide in 60-70 ml of deionized water, magnetically stirring for 45 minutes, transferring the prepared sample into the solution, transferring into a reaction kettle, keeping the temperature at 80-90 DEG C for 12 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, cleaning for three times by using absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, keeping the temperature of the prepared sample at 60 DEG C for 6 hours, and drying to obtain a finished product. The problems that the material morphology is not uniform, the synthesis method cannot be accurately controlled, the conductivity is poor, and the adhesion with a current collector is poor are solved.