The invention discloses a rapid algae-liquid separation method for microalgae treatment wastewater. The method includes the steps of collecting wastewater discharged by a sewage treatment plant to be put indoors for standby application, processing CODCr of wastewater through the potassium dichromate method, processing TN through the potassium persulfate oxidation ultraviolet spectrophotometry, processing TP through the antimony and molybdenum spectrophotometry, processing ammonia nitrogen through the Nessler spectrophotometry, and adjusting the pH through the glass electrode method. The method can be conducted in a cultivation device with the controllable turbulence intensity, temperature and light can be conveniently controlled, the efficiency of microalgae for processing wastewater is improved, no flocculant needs to be added under the turbulence condition, flocculating constituent is formed according to the property changes of microalgae cell surfaces so that algae and liquid can be separated, turbulence energy consumption can be sufficiently utilized, energy consumption is lowered, efficiency cost is improved, the pH of a culture solution is increased during processing, pathogenic organisms in a culture medium can be restrained, the produced flocculating constituent has high sedimentation speed, the algae-liquid separation efficiency is improved, operation is easy and convenient, cultivation conditions are easy to control, and an experimental device for the method is simple in structure, small in size, light in weight, high in practicability and repeatability, simple in process, convenient to machine, capable of saving labor, materials and financial resources, flexible to operate and convenient to clean.