The invention belongs to the technical field of organic photoelectricity and discloses electroluminescent materials based on carbazole five-membered heterocycle units as well as a preparation method and an application of the electroluminescent materials. The materials have the chemical structural formula shown in the description, wherein X is O, S, Se, Te or N-R; R is the same or different and isC1-20 straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy, C2-20 straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkenyl, straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkynyl, straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl carbonyl, aryl or heteroaryl, aralkyl or heteroaryl alkyl, aryloxy or heteroaryloxy, aryl alkoxy or heteroaryl alkoxy with 4-20 annular atoms, triphenylamine or derivatives thereof, carbazole and derivativesthereof, phenoxazine and derivatives thereof, phenothiazine and derivatives thereof, pyridine and derivatives thereof, oxadiazole and derivatives thereof and benzimidazole and derivatives thereof; Arl-Ar8 are one of conjugated or non-conjugated structural units.