The invention provides a preparation method of a high-strength and high-
toughness bionic
fiber. According to the method, a wet
spinning forming process principle is utilized,
polyurethane and nano-
cellulose whiskers are adopted as main raw materials, the nano-
cellulose whiskers are subjected to
surface modification, then the modified nano-
cellulose whiskers and
polyurethane are prepared into a membrane
casting solution, the obtained
composite membrane is dissolved in a ternary
solvent after membrane forming, and the
composite membrane is prepared. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing nascent fibers by adopting a wet
spinning process, then carrying out drafting and spiral orientation treatment in a thermal environment, and carrying out heating shaping, winding and
drying treatment to obtain the high-strength and high-
toughness bionic fibers. Through the mode, the
polyurethane molecular chain can be folded and wound on the nano-cellulose
whisker to form a multi-stage interface structure similar to natural
spider silk and silk, and the interface compatibility and the acting force between the polyurethane and the nano-cellulose
whisker are effectively improved; therefore, the bionic
fiber which is compact in structure and has high strength and high
toughness is prepared.