111 results about "Phosphide compound" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of positive electrode materials, in particular to a preparation method and application of a lithium iron phosphate material. The preparation method at least comprises a process of sintering a precursor material under a reduction condition to obtain the lithium iron phosphate material, wherein the precursor material at least comprises an iron source, a lithium source, a phosphorus source and a metal dopant, the mass ratio of the metal dopant is larger than or equal to 0, and the molar ratio of the iron element to the total phosphorus and the molar ratio of the doped metal to the total phosphorus are 0.96-0.97. According to the preparation method, generation of the iron phosphide (Fe3P, Fe2P, FeP and the like) impure phase is controlled from the burdening end by regulating and controlling the proportion of specific elements in the raw materials, so that preparation of the lithium iron phosphate material with high compaction and low iron phosphide impure phase is realized, and subsequent complicated impurity removal operation is avoided.

A solid electrode includes particles of an electroactive material, a solid electrolyte comprising particles of an ionic conducting compound having at least one halogen element, a conductive carbon, and a coating deposited on the particles of the electroactive material, the particles of the solid electrolyte, or a combination thereof. The coating includes a metal halide, a metal sulfide, a metal phosphide, a metal oxide, a metal selenide, or a combination of two or more thereof. A method for preparing the solid electrode includes milling a mixture of the electroactive material, the conductive carbon, and the solid electrolyte to produce the coated solid electrode material comprising the coating derived from decomposition products of the ionic conducting compound, the coating deposited on the particles of the electroactive material, the solid electrolyte, or a combination thereof.

Disclosed herein is a current collector, a secondary battery, an electrical device, and a method for preparing the current collector. The current collector includes a substrate. The substrate includes the porous material. The affinity material is disposed in pores of the porous material. The affinity material is configured to promote the deposition of metal ions in an electrolyte solution. The affinity material includes at least one of a carbon-based material, a non-metal oxide, a carbide, a fluoride, a nitride, a sulfide, a phosphide, and an organic material. The above manner is able to effectively reduce the nucleation overpotential of the metal ions on the porous material of the current collector, promote the uniform diffusion and deposition of the metal ions within the pores of the porous material of the current collector, inhibit the generation of a dendrite, and improve the cyclic performance and safety of the battery.

The invention provides a sodium ferric phosphate pyrophosphate-based composite material as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of sodium ion battery electrode materials. The composite material is of a core-shell structure and sequentially comprises a base material, a heterogeneous interface layer and a coating layer from inside to outside, the chemical formula of the base material is Na4Fex( PO4) 2P2O7, the heterogeneous interface layer is iron-based phosphide nanoparticles distributed on the surface of the base material, and the coating layer is a carbon layer; the iron-based phosphide is prepared from at least one of FeP and Fe2P; 3 < = x < = 4; iron-based phosphide nanoparticles are generated on the surface of the ferric sodium phosphate pyrophosphate material through in-situ reduction, a tightly-combined heterogeneous interface network is formed, the electron and ion transmission performance of the material is remarkably improved, and the rate performance is improved; the preparation method is simple and easy to implement on a large scale.

The invention relates to the technical field of gas sensors, in particular to a sensing material based on nanoparticle loading, a preparation method of the sensing material and a gas sensor, and the sensing material comprises a substrate material and transition metal nanoparticles and / or precious metal alloy nanoparticles loaded on the surface of the substrate material; the substrate material comprises one or more of defect oxide, MOF, sulfide, carbide, MXene and phosphide. The semiconductor characteristic of the substrate material is combined with the hydrogen dissociation capability of the transition metal nanoparticles and / or the noble metal alloy nanoparticles, so that the adsorption and dissociation efficiency of hydrogen can be improved; by loading the nanoparticles on the substrate material, the interface hydrogen overflow process is regulated and controlled, the energy barrier of hydrogen overflow is reduced, and the sensitivity and response speed of the hydrogen sensor are further improved. By optimizing the interface structure between the nanoparticles and the substrate material, the process of interface hydrogen overflow is improved, and the hydrogen sensing performance is improved.

The invention belongs to the field of catalytic electrodes, and particularly discloses a modified nickel-based electrode and a preparation method thereof.The preparation method of the modified nickel-based electrode comprises the steps that 1, a nickel-based electrode is placed in a precursor solution to be soaked and then transferred into an inert atmosphere or a vacuum atmosphere to be roasted, and a primary modified electrode is obtained; and 2, the step 1 is repeated for one or more times, a secondary modified electrode or a multi-stage modified electrode can be prepared, and the precursor solution is any one or more than two of a sodium phosphite solution and a metal salt solution. A nickel-based electrode is treated through sodium phosphite, phosphide with heterojunction and electronic properties is formed on the surface of the nickel-based electrode, more active sites are provided, a metal salt solution is introduced to treat the sodium phosphite, new active components are introduced, and the performance of the catalytic electrode is regulated and controlled through metal deposition and alloying; and the synergistic effect between the introduced metal element and nickel interacts in the catalytic reaction, so that the catalytic activity and selectivity of the electrode are jointly improved.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of nickel-cobalt bimetallic phosphide for in-situ growth of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a graphene oxide dispersion liquid; sequentially adding a cobalt source, a nickel source, a segmented copolymer, a phosphorus source and a nitrogen source into the graphene oxide dispersion liquid, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution; drying the mixed solution to obtain a precursor; and annealing the precursor in an inert atmosphere to obtain the product. According to the nitrogen-doped carbon material coated phosphide nano-particle composite material and the preparation method thereof, by regulating and controlling the ratio of Ni to Co, a carbon source grows on graphene in situ to form a carbon nano-tube, nickel-cobalt bimetal phosphide nano-particles are uniformly distributed on a nitrogen-doped carbon material to form the nitrogen-doped carbon material coated phosphide nano-particle composite material, and the nitrogen-doped carbon material coated phosphide nano-particle composite material is used as a modified diaphragm material of a lithium-sulfur battery. The preparation method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of mild reaction conditions and easiness in amplification and regulation, and the prepared composite material has a relatively high specific surface area and can be applied to the field of energy sources, especially the field of lithium-sulfur batteries.

The invention belongs to the technical field of energy and electrochemical catalysis, and discloses a titanium nitride / transition metal phosphide heterojunction electrode with a nano array structure, a preparation method of the titanium nitride / transition metal phosphide heterojunction electrode and application of the titanium nitride / transition metal phosphide heterojunction electrode to seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production. The electrode comprises titanium nitride grown on a conductive substrate and transition metal phosphides (such as cobalt phosphides, nickel phosphides, iron phosphides or a combination thereof) loaded on the surface of the titanium nitride. According to the composite electrode, a titanium dioxide nano array is synthesized on a conductive substrate through seed crystal assisted solvothermal, and a titanium nitride electrode is obtained through high-temperature nitridation; and then carrying out hydrothermal loading on a transition metal precursor and carrying out low-temperature phosphating treatment to obtain the titanium nitride / transition metal phosphide composite electrode. By combining high conductivity and corrosion resistance of titanium nitride and high catalytic activity and electrochemical stability of transition metal phosphide, the technical problems that a traditional electrode is easy to corrode and poor in catalytic stability in a seawater environment are solved; the synthesized titanium nitride / transition metal phosphide composite electrode is of a multi-scale graded nano array structure, and the micro-nano composite morphology of the composite electrode can be used for inducing the turbulence effect of an electrolyte, so that hydrogen evolution bubble separation is accelerated, and interface adsorption of precipitates such as magnesium hydroxide / calcium hydroxide is inhibited. Through the innovative hierarchical heterostructure design, an efficient, low-cost and long-life electrode solution is provided for direct hydrogen production from seawater, and the method has a wide industrial application prospect.

The present application belongs to the technical field of secondary batteries, and specifically relates to a lithium iron phosphate composite cathode active material, and further discloses a preparation method thereof, as well as an application thereof for use in the preparation of battery plates and secondary batteries. The lithium iron phosphate composite cathode active material of the present application comprises a core containing a lithium iron phosphate material and iron phosphide particles, as well as a carbon coating layer and / or a LiBO2-containing coating layer at least partially coated on the surface of the core.

The present invention provides a bifunctional electrocatalytic water splitting catalyst, its preparation method and application. The 3D microflower Co3O4 / C@NiFeP catalyst comprises NiFeP nanosheet materials wrapping Co3O4 / C materials. The preparation method includes hydrothermally reacting Co3O4 / C, nickel salt, iron salt, urea and ammonium fluoride to grow hydroxides of Ni and Fe (NiFeLDH) on the surface of Co3O4 / C materials to obtain 3D flower-like Co3O4 / C@NiFeLDH; through low-temperature phosphidation, a 3D microflower Co3O4 / C@NiFeP metal oxide / phosphide heterostructure composite material is obtained. The electrocatalytic catalyst described in the present invention is an assembly of nanosheets with a large specific surface area, and has good oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution catalytic activities. The preparation method of the present invention has the advantages of simple operation, low production cost and easy operation, etc.

An electrocatalyst useful for forming hydrogen from water by the hydrogen evolution reaction. The electrocatalyst includes a titanium (Ti)-including substrate, an array of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes (TNTs) disposed on the Ti-including substrate, and cobalt oxyphosphide (CoOP) nanostructures disposed on the surface of the TNTs. The TNTs are crystalline, as observed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The CoOP is amorphous by PXRD, and the CoOP nanostructures are substantially spherical and have a mean size of 75 to 400 nanometers (nm).

The invention discloses a method for preparing a sulfide solid electrolyte by a solid phase method, which comprises the following steps: carrying out ball milling on raw materials such as a lithium sulfur compound and phosphide under the protection of inert gas by adopting a mode of combining mechanical ball milling with heat treatment, and then carrying out heat treatment at a certain temperature to obtain the sulfide solid electrolyte. The method can effectively control the particle size and crystallinity of the material and improve the ionic conductivity, thereby enhancing the charge-discharge performance of the battery.

The invention discloses a composite material and a preparation method thereof, a positive pole piece, a secondary battery and an electric device, and belongs to the technical field of batteries. The composite material comprises a lithium-containing compound, a catalyst and a conductive agent, and the lithium-containing compound comprises a lithium element, a carbon element and an oxygen element; the catalyst comprises one or more of transition metal oxides, transition metal carbides, transition metal nitrides or transition metal phosphides; the total pore volume V of the composite material is more than or equal to 0.02 cm < 3 > / g and less than or equal to 1cm < 3 > / g, and the average pore size D of the composite material is more than or equal to 2nm and less than or equal to 50nm. According to the technical scheme, the capacity of the battery can be improved.

The application belongs to the field of auxiliary agents, and particularly relates to a filler dispersant matched with alcohol-soluble ink and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method is as follows: polyether and phosphide are mixed to obtain a premix; the premix is heated, and then an acidifying agent is added to react to obtain a reaction product; the reaction product is sequentially cooled, filtered, discharged and packaged. The polyether, the phosphide and the acidifying agent are used to prepare the dispersant under strict operation conditions, the high-level dispersion and viscosity reduction ability of the alcohol-soluble ink when simultaneously using organic and inorganic fillers are improved, the dispersant is used for solvent type, solvent-free coating and printing ink, can stabilize the organic and inorganic fillers, especially titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide, can significantly reduce the viscosity of the grinding material, and increase the wetting and stability, and great convenience is provided and the cost is reduced.

The invention discloses lubricating oil, a lubricating system and application thereof. The lubricating oil comprises base lubricating oil, a phosphide additive and tin telluride nanoparticles. In the lubricating oil disclosed by the invention, the phosphide additive and the tin telluride nanoparticles are matched with each other and can generate a film through friction reaction at a high temperature, so that the lubricating property of the basic lubricating oil at the high temperature is improved, and the boundary lubrication failure behavior is reduced.

This work innovatively realizes the effective regulation of the crystalline / amorphous crystal surface by subjecting the phosphide to low-temperature liquid nitrogen quick freezing treatment, and prepares a thin-sheet CoO x / CoP-L catalyst and its preparation method, the preparation method is simple to operate, low cost, and has better economic benefits. x The crystalline / amorphous heterogeneous interface formed by the CoP-L flakes effectively promotes the adsorption and desorption of water during hydrogen evolution, while the lattice distortion optimizes the CoO x The electronic structure of / CoP‑L ultimately achieves improved performance and exhibits excellent performance in hydrogen evolution reactions in both alkaline and acidic media. Under alkaline and acidic conditions, only 56.6mV and 98mV overpotentials are required, respectively, to drive 10mA cm ‑2 It is worth noting that the alkaline HER process has a current density of 68 mA cm ‑2 The catalytic activity begins to exceed that of commercial Pt / C electrode, showing excellent catalytic potential.

This invention belongs to the field of hydrogen barrier coating technology, specifically relating to a nickel-phosphorus-based amorphous-nanocrystalline composite hydrogen barrier coating and its preparation method. The coating uses a nickel-phosphorus alloy as an amorphous matrix, embedding a composite nano-reinforcing phase composed of core-shell structured phosphide nanoparticles, molybdenum disulfide-metal hydroxide heterostructure two-dimensional nanosheets, and silane coupling agent-modified hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets. The microstructure exhibits a coexistence of amorphous and nanocrystalline phases, with a small amount of alloying elements added to the matrix. This invention involves the controlled preparation of three composite nano-reinforcing phases, which are then combined with nickel salts and a phosphorus source to prepare a uniformly dispersed composite plating solution. This solution is deposited on a pretreated steel substrate to form an amorphous nickel-phosphorus alloy coating, followed by gradient heat treatment to construct the target microstructure. This coating, through multi-phase synergy, enhances substrate adhesion and hydrogen barrier performance, showing promising industrialization prospects in hydrogen energy storage and transportation, and petrochemical equipment protection.

The utility model relates to the technical field of steel processing, and discloses a phosphorus washing system for steel, which comprises a bottom frame and a moving frame, a motor is fixedly connected to the left end of the rear side of the bottom frame, a rotating shaft of the motor is fixedly connected to the rear end of a threaded rod, and supporting frames are arranged on the left side and the right side of the moving frame. A threaded sleeve is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the supporting frame on the left side, the inner side of the threaded sleeve is in threaded connection to the outer side of the threaded rod, a plurality of mounting holes are formed in the outer side of the moving frame at equal intervals, and communicating pipes and nozzles are arranged in the mounting holes. According to the phosphorus washing device for the tubular steel, the motor drives the threaded rod to rotate, the whole formed by the movable frame and the supporting frame moves from back to front, meanwhile, an acid solution is conveyed to the position of the spray head through the communicating pipes, the surface of the tubular steel is sprayed, phosphides on the surface of the tubular steel are removed, the phosphorus washing efficiency of the tubular steel is improved, and the service life of the tubular steel is prolonged. Meanwhile, the problem that phosphate is easily accumulated at the bottom of the phosphorus washing pool and is difficult to clean is solved.

The invention discloses a lithium difluorophosphate-coated single-crystal ultrahigh-nickel binary lithium ion battery positive electrode material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing a nickel-cobalt binary precursor with a lithium salt, carrying out high-temperature calcination to obtain a single-crystal ultrahigh-nickel binary positive electrode material, mixing the single-crystal ultrahigh-nickel binary positive electrode material with an ethanol solution of lithium difluorophosphate, drying, and carrying out high-temperature calcination to finally obtain the lithium difluorophosphate-coated single-crystal ultrahigh-nickel binary lithium ion battery positive electrode material. According to the preparation method disclosed by the invention, transmission of lithium ions on the surface of the material is accelerated by virtue of the fluorophosphide coating layer with good ionic conductivity, and corrosion of electrolyte decomposition products to the material is resisted, so that the comprehensive electrochemical performance of the material is improved, and the preparation method has a good application prospect.

The present invention relates to the technical field of waste utilization, in particular to a preparation method for phosphides of iron having mixed phases. The technical solution is characterized in comprising the following steps: S1, mixing raw materials: fully mixing a reducing agent and an iron phosphate powder to obtain a first mixture; S2, heating same: putting the first mixture into a corundum crucible, heating same, and when being heated, the reducing agent and iron phosphate undergoing a reaction at a high temperature under the protection of a nitrogen atmosphere; and S3, cooling same: when the reaction of the reducing agent and iron phosphate is finished, stopping heating, and cooling same to room temperature to obtain a mixture of FeP and Fe2P. The present invention uses electrode materials of waste power batteries as a raw material, thereby achieving high-value and recycling utilization of solid wastes and reducing raw material cost.

The invention discloses oil gas lubricating oil applied to a cold rolling mill, which belongs to the technical field of lubricating oil and comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 45%-52% of synthetic ester, 4%-8% of an emulsifier compound, 1.5%-4% of a phosphide anti-wear agent compound, 7.5%-15% of a sulfide extreme pressure antifriction agent compound, 0.75%-1.25% of a metal deactivator, 0.25%-0.75% of an antirust agent and 20%-40% of mineral base oil. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the oil gas lubricating oil applied to the cold rolling mill, compared with the prior art, the oil gas lubricating oil has excellent lubricity and top-level thermal stability and oxidation stability, and meanwhile, the selected synthetic ester has the characteristics of being harmless to human bodies and environment-friendly, and has good biodegradability and low toxicity.

The application discloses an elastic anti-pollution flashover anti-icing anti-corrosion coating material and a preparation method thereof. The coating material comprises, in parts by weight, 80-120 parts of a silicone modified polycarbonate polyurethane resin, 2-10 parts of a modifier, 15-30 parts of a pigment and filler, 0.5-1 part of a defoaming agent, 0.5-1 part of a leveling agent and 0.5-1 part of a dispersing agent. The modifier is a nitrogen-doped porous carbon loaded with phosphate or a nitrogen-doped porous carbon modified by zinc nitride loaded with phosphate. The nitrogen-doped porous carbon and the nitrogen-doped porous carbon modified by zinc nitride in a layered structure are added to the coating system as a barrier modifier, and the carbon material loaded with phosphate is added to the coating. Under long-term use of the coating, the phosphate released by the carbon material loaded with phosphate can be stably hydrolyzed, so that loose iron oxides are converted into a corrosion-resistant phosphide film, and the corrosion is inhibited.

The invention discloses a method for cutting a substrate wafer from an indium phosphide crystal, and belongs to the field of semiconductor substrate preparation, comprises the following steps of: 1) orientating, cutting the head and the tail of a crystal bar, adjusting the orientation and trying to cut the crystal bar until a wafer with a required crystal orientation cut, wherein the cutting end face is an orientation end face; 2) multi-wire cutting, on a multi-wire cutting apparatus, dividing a crystal bar parallel to an orientation end face into wafers; 3) cleaning, cleaning the wafer until no residue and no dirt existing on the surface; 4) circle cutting, performing circle cutting on the wafer to cut the desired crystal orientation area. According to the technical scheme, for the indium phosphide crystal bar which is difficult to control in diameter and easy to twinning / poly in the growth process, a barreling process which may grind and remove a large amount of InP materials is abandoned, the crystal bar is multi-wire cut into a wafer, and then the substrate wafer which is available in the crystal direction close to the standard size is cut from the wafer to the maximum extent, so that the wafer output can be greatly increased, and the material loss and the waste can be reduced.

The application discloses a metal phosphide modified lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries. The lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material comprises a metal phosphide and a lithium-rich manganese positive electrode base material, the metal phosphide is doped in the lithium-rich manganese positive electrode base material, or the lithium-rich manganese positive electrode base material is surface modified. The lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material has excellent cycle stability and rate performance, and the capacity does not obviously decrease after 800 cycles.

The invention relates to the technical field of lithium / sodium ion battery negative electrode materials, in particular to a high-entropy phosphide negative electrode material with a double-carbon coating structure and a preparation method and application thereof.The method comprises the following steps that firstly, Cu, Ge, Sn, Ti, Si, phosphorus powder and a carbon material are mixed in proportion, ball milling is conducted, and a CuGeSnTiSiPx / carbon (CuGeSnTiSiPx / G) composite material is obtained; then, the CuGeSnTiSiPx / G composite material is dispersed in tetrahydrofuran, meanwhile, asphalt is added, stirring and mixing are conducted, and a mixture is obtained; and finally, carrying out high-temperature calcination on the mixture to obtain the high-entropy phosphide-based / graphite / carbon (CuGeSnTiSiPx / G (at) C) composite material. The CuGeSnTiSiPx / G composite material prepared by the invention comprises an outer compact carbon layer formed by coating asphalt carbon and an amorphous nano carbon layer structure of a high-temperature calcination performance outer layer. The double-layer carbon can effectively maintain the structural stability of the high-entropy phosphide in the cyclic process, and the problems of volume expansion and low electronic conductivity of the high-entropy phosphide are prevented, so that the multiplying power and the long cyclic stability of the high-entropy phosphide are improved.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a carbon coupling metal compound electrode with a high-density orientation sheet layer group, the electrode and application, flexible carbon fiber cloth is used as a substrate, and metal hydroxide nanosheets which are stacked in a highly ordered manner and vertically grow are self-grown on the surface of the flexible carbon fiber cloth. A series of flexible thick electrodes with different metal configurations can be constructed by adjusting the concentration and proportion of the metal salts in the reaction. The thick electrode can be converted into a flexible thick electrode with high-density active phosphide through one-step low-temperature phosphating heat treatment, rich electron / ion high-speed channels and structural support are provided for the thick electrode through carbon fibers, additional addition of a binder and a conductive agent is avoided, the energy storage effect of the high-density active phosphide can be efficiently and stably exerted, and the application range of the thick electrode is widened. And finally, the energy storage characteristic is obviously enhanced under the high-activity loading capacity.

The invention provides a sodium-ion battery positive electrode material, a precursor and a preparation method thereof, a sodium-ion battery and electric equipment, and relates to the technical field of sodium-ion batteries. The sodium ion battery positive electrode material precursor comprises an inner core, a first coating layer and a second coating layer, the first coating layer coats the inner core; the second coating layer coats the first coating layer; the first coating layer comprises sulfide; the second coating layer comprises phosphide; the chemical formula of the inner core is NiaFebMncTid (OH) 2, a + b + c + d = 1, 0.3 < = a < = 0.5, 0.1 < = b < = 0.35, 0.2 < = c < = 0.4, and 0.001 < = d < = 0.05. Through titanium ion doping, the crystal structure stability of the sodium ion battery positive electrode material precursor is enhanced, and the charge conduction efficiency is improved; the conductivity of the material is improved through the first coating layer, the corrosion resistance is improved through the second coating layer, the interface impedance is effectively reduced, and the conductivity of the material can be further enhanced.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a Fe-doped NiSxPy nanorod array electrocatalyst, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: sequentially cleaning and drying foamed nickel by diluted hydrochloric acid, ethanol and deionized water, and synthesizing an FcNi-BDC precursor on the surface of the foamed nickel by a solvothermal method; and performing heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere by taking NaH2PO2.H2O and powdered sulfur as a phosphorus source and a sulfur source to obtain a final product. The electrocatalyst vertically grows on the surface of the foamed nickel in a nanorod array form to form a stable phosphide / sulfide heterojunction structure, and the Fe element is uniformly doped to effectively regulate and control an electronic structure and promote interface charge transfer. In alkaline fresh water / seawater, excellent electro-catalysis water decomposition activity and long-time working stability are realized.

The invention provides a distributed hydrogen production and oxygen discharge method for a solar cell coupled electrolytic tank, and belongs to the technical field of hydrogen preparation methods. A MnCoNi-phosphide composite bifunctional catalyst is used as a working electrode, a zinc film is used as an auxiliary electrode, the working electrode and a weakly acidic buffer electrolyte are assembled to obtain an electrolytic tank, 2N solar cells and 3N electrolytic tanks are coupled, zinc oxidation reaction / hydrogen evolution reaction and zinc reduction reaction / oxygen evolution reaction are alternately carried out on time, and the hydrogen evolution reaction and the zinc reduction reaction are alternately carried out on time. The hydrogen and the oxygen are prepared respectively, the hydrogen can be collected and the oxygen can be discharged respectively by switching gas path guidance while the electrolytic reaction is switched, the problem of crossing of the hydrogen and the oxygen is solved, and efficient hydrogen production is realized; in addition, the distributed hydrogen production and oxygen discharge solar cell-electrolytic tank coupling system has the advantages of being simple and low in cost, and has wide application prospects.

A process for producing semiconductor structures comprising one of more layers of Group III / IV Compounds deposited onto a template using PVD sputtering the resulting semiconductor structures is provided according to the invention. The Group III or Group IV material may be gallium, hafnium, indium, aluminum, silicon, germanium, magnesium and / or zirconium. The anion provided by a reactive gas may be nitride, oxide, arsenide, or phosphide. The flow of the reactive gas to the vacuum chamber used to react with the sputtered Group III or Group IV target material for produce the Group III / IV Compound layer onto the template is modulated during a duty cycle during the PVD sputtering process between a target-rich condition and a reactive gas-rich condition to enhance the efficiency of the PVD sputtering process and improve the crystallinity of the Group III / IV Compound layer within the resulting semiconductor structure.