67 results about "Phosphide compound" patented technology

The invention belongs to the field of catalytic electrodes, and particularly discloses a modified nickel-based electrode and a preparation method thereof.The preparation method of the modified nickel-based electrode comprises the steps that 1, a nickel-based electrode is placed in a precursor solution to be soaked and then transferred into an inert atmosphere or a vacuum atmosphere to be roasted, and a primary modified electrode is obtained; and 2, the step 1 is repeated for one or more times, a secondary modified electrode or a multi-stage modified electrode can be prepared, and the precursor solution is any one or more than two of a sodium phosphite solution and a metal salt solution. A nickel-based electrode is treated through sodium phosphite, phosphide with heterojunction and electronic properties is formed on the surface of the nickel-based electrode, more active sites are provided, a metal salt solution is introduced to treat the sodium phosphite, new active components are introduced, and the performance of the catalytic electrode is regulated and controlled through metal deposition and alloying; and the synergistic effect between the introduced metal element and nickel interacts in the catalytic reaction, so that the catalytic activity and selectivity of the electrode are jointly improved.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of nickel-cobalt bimetallic phosphide for in-situ growth of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a graphene oxide dispersion liquid; sequentially adding a cobalt source, a nickel source, a segmented copolymer, a phosphorus source and a nitrogen source into the graphene oxide dispersion liquid, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution; drying the mixed solution to obtain a precursor; and annealing the precursor in an inert atmosphere to obtain the product. According to the nitrogen-doped carbon material coated phosphide nano-particle composite material and the preparation method thereof, by regulating and controlling the ratio of Ni to Co, a carbon source grows on graphene in situ to form a carbon nano-tube, nickel-cobalt bimetal phosphide nano-particles are uniformly distributed on a nitrogen-doped carbon material to form the nitrogen-doped carbon material coated phosphide nano-particle composite material, and the nitrogen-doped carbon material coated phosphide nano-particle composite material is used as a modified diaphragm material of a lithium-sulfur battery. The preparation method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of mild reaction conditions and easiness in amplification and regulation, and the prepared composite material has a relatively high specific surface area and can be applied to the field of energy sources, especially the field of lithium-sulfur batteries.

The invention belongs to the technical field of energy and electrochemical catalysis, and discloses a titanium nitride / transition metal phosphide heterojunction electrode with a nano array structure, a preparation method of the titanium nitride / transition metal phosphide heterojunction electrode and application of the titanium nitride / transition metal phosphide heterojunction electrode to seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production. The electrode comprises titanium nitride grown on a conductive substrate and transition metal phosphides (such as cobalt phosphides, nickel phosphides, iron phosphides or a combination thereof) loaded on the surface of the titanium nitride. According to the composite electrode, a titanium dioxide nano array is synthesized on a conductive substrate through seed crystal assisted solvothermal, and a titanium nitride electrode is obtained through high-temperature nitridation; and then carrying out hydrothermal loading on a transition metal precursor and carrying out low-temperature phosphating treatment to obtain the titanium nitride / transition metal phosphide composite electrode. By combining high conductivity and corrosion resistance of titanium nitride and high catalytic activity and electrochemical stability of transition metal phosphide, the technical problems that a traditional electrode is easy to corrode and poor in catalytic stability in a seawater environment are solved; the synthesized titanium nitride / transition metal phosphide composite electrode is of a multi-scale graded nano array structure, and the micro-nano composite morphology of the composite electrode can be used for inducing the turbulence effect of an electrolyte, so that hydrogen evolution bubble separation is accelerated, and interface adsorption of precipitates such as magnesium hydroxide / calcium hydroxide is inhibited. Through the innovative hierarchical heterostructure design, an efficient, low-cost and long-life electrode solution is provided for direct hydrogen production from seawater, and the method has a wide industrial application prospect.

The present application belongs to the technical field of secondary batteries, and specifically relates to a lithium iron phosphate composite cathode active material, and further discloses a preparation method thereof, as well as an application thereof for use in the preparation of battery plates and secondary batteries. The lithium iron phosphate composite cathode active material of the present application comprises a core containing a lithium iron phosphate material and iron phosphide particles, as well as a carbon coating layer and / or a LiBO2-containing coating layer at least partially coated on the surface of the core.

The application belongs to the field of auxiliary agents, and particularly relates to a filler dispersant matched with alcohol-soluble ink and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method is as follows: polyether and phosphide are mixed to obtain a premix; the premix is heated, and then an acidifying agent is added to react to obtain a reaction product; the reaction product is sequentially cooled, filtered, discharged and packaged. The polyether, the phosphide and the acidifying agent are used to prepare the dispersant under strict operation conditions, the high-level dispersion and viscosity reduction ability of the alcohol-soluble ink when simultaneously using organic and inorganic fillers are improved, the dispersant is used for solvent type, solvent-free coating and printing ink, can stabilize the organic and inorganic fillers, especially titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide, can significantly reduce the viscosity of the grinding material, and increase the wetting and stability, and great convenience is provided and the cost is reduced.

This invention belongs to the field of hydrogen barrier coating technology, specifically relating to a nickel-phosphorus-based amorphous-nanocrystalline composite hydrogen barrier coating and its preparation method. The coating uses a nickel-phosphorus alloy as an amorphous matrix, embedding a composite nano-reinforcing phase composed of core-shell structured phosphide nanoparticles, molybdenum disulfide-metal hydroxide heterostructure two-dimensional nanosheets, and silane coupling agent-modified hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets. The microstructure exhibits a coexistence of amorphous and nanocrystalline phases, with a small amount of alloying elements added to the matrix. This invention involves the controlled preparation of three composite nano-reinforcing phases, which are then combined with nickel salts and a phosphorus source to prepare a uniformly dispersed composite plating solution. This solution is deposited on a pretreated steel substrate to form an amorphous nickel-phosphorus alloy coating, followed by gradient heat treatment to construct the target microstructure. This coating, through multi-phase synergy, enhances substrate adhesion and hydrogen barrier performance, showing promising industrialization prospects in hydrogen energy storage and transportation, and petrochemical equipment protection.

The invention discloses oil gas lubricating oil applied to a cold rolling mill, which belongs to the technical field of lubricating oil and comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 45%-52% of synthetic ester, 4%-8% of an emulsifier compound, 1.5%-4% of a phosphide anti-wear agent compound, 7.5%-15% of a sulfide extreme pressure antifriction agent compound, 0.75%-1.25% of a metal deactivator, 0.25%-0.75% of an antirust agent and 20%-40% of mineral base oil. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the oil gas lubricating oil applied to the cold rolling mill, compared with the prior art, the oil gas lubricating oil has excellent lubricity and top-level thermal stability and oxidation stability, and meanwhile, the selected synthetic ester has the characteristics of being harmless to human bodies and environment-friendly, and has good biodegradability and low toxicity.

The application discloses an elastic anti-pollution flashover anti-icing anti-corrosion coating material and a preparation method thereof. The coating material comprises, in parts by weight, 80-120 parts of a silicone modified polycarbonate polyurethane resin, 2-10 parts of a modifier, 15-30 parts of a pigment and filler, 0.5-1 part of a defoaming agent, 0.5-1 part of a leveling agent and 0.5-1 part of a dispersing agent. The modifier is a nitrogen-doped porous carbon loaded with phosphate or a nitrogen-doped porous carbon modified by zinc nitride loaded with phosphate. The nitrogen-doped porous carbon and the nitrogen-doped porous carbon modified by zinc nitride in a layered structure are added to the coating system as a barrier modifier, and the carbon material loaded with phosphate is added to the coating. Under long-term use of the coating, the phosphate released by the carbon material loaded with phosphate can be stably hydrolyzed, so that loose iron oxides are converted into a corrosion-resistant phosphide film, and the corrosion is inhibited.

The application discloses a metal phosphide modified lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries. The lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material comprises a metal phosphide and a lithium-rich manganese positive electrode base material, the metal phosphide is doped in the lithium-rich manganese positive electrode base material, or the lithium-rich manganese positive electrode base material is surface modified. The lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material has excellent cycle stability and rate performance, and the capacity does not obviously decrease after 800 cycles.

The invention relates to the technical field of lithium / sodium ion battery negative electrode materials, in particular to a high-entropy phosphide negative electrode material with a double-carbon coating structure and a preparation method and application thereof.The method comprises the following steps that firstly, Cu, Ge, Sn, Ti, Si, phosphorus powder and a carbon material are mixed in proportion, ball milling is conducted, and a CuGeSnTiSiPx / carbon (CuGeSnTiSiPx / G) composite material is obtained; then, the CuGeSnTiSiPx / G composite material is dispersed in tetrahydrofuran, meanwhile, asphalt is added, stirring and mixing are conducted, and a mixture is obtained; and finally, carrying out high-temperature calcination on the mixture to obtain the high-entropy phosphide-based / graphite / carbon (CuGeSnTiSiPx / G (at) C) composite material. The CuGeSnTiSiPx / G composite material prepared by the invention comprises an outer compact carbon layer formed by coating asphalt carbon and an amorphous nano carbon layer structure of a high-temperature calcination performance outer layer. The double-layer carbon can effectively maintain the structural stability of the high-entropy phosphide in the cyclic process, and the problems of volume expansion and low electronic conductivity of the high-entropy phosphide are prevented, so that the multiplying power and the long cyclic stability of the high-entropy phosphide are improved.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a carbon coupling metal compound electrode with a high-density orientation sheet layer group, the electrode and application, flexible carbon fiber cloth is used as a substrate, and metal hydroxide nanosheets which are stacked in a highly ordered manner and vertically grow are self-grown on the surface of the flexible carbon fiber cloth. A series of flexible thick electrodes with different metal configurations can be constructed by adjusting the concentration and proportion of the metal salts in the reaction. The thick electrode can be converted into a flexible thick electrode with high-density active phosphide through one-step low-temperature phosphating heat treatment, rich electron / ion high-speed channels and structural support are provided for the thick electrode through carbon fibers, additional addition of a binder and a conductive agent is avoided, the energy storage effect of the high-density active phosphide can be efficiently and stably exerted, and the application range of the thick electrode is widened. And finally, the energy storage characteristic is obviously enhanced under the high-activity loading capacity.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a Fe-doped NiSxPy nanorod array electrocatalyst, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: sequentially cleaning and drying foamed nickel by diluted hydrochloric acid, ethanol and deionized water, and synthesizing an FcNi-BDC precursor on the surface of the foamed nickel by a solvothermal method; and performing heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere by taking NaH2PO2.H2O and powdered sulfur as a phosphorus source and a sulfur source to obtain a final product. The electrocatalyst vertically grows on the surface of the foamed nickel in a nanorod array form to form a stable phosphide / sulfide heterojunction structure, and the Fe element is uniformly doped to effectively regulate and control an electronic structure and promote interface charge transfer. In alkaline fresh water / seawater, excellent electro-catalysis water decomposition activity and long-time working stability are realized.

The invention provides a distributed hydrogen production and oxygen discharge method for a solar cell coupled electrolytic tank, and belongs to the technical field of hydrogen preparation methods. A MnCoNi-phosphide composite bifunctional catalyst is used as a working electrode, a zinc film is used as an auxiliary electrode, the working electrode and a weakly acidic buffer electrolyte are assembled to obtain an electrolytic tank, 2N solar cells and 3N electrolytic tanks are coupled, zinc oxidation reaction / hydrogen evolution reaction and zinc reduction reaction / oxygen evolution reaction are alternately carried out on time, and the hydrogen evolution reaction and the zinc reduction reaction are alternately carried out on time. The hydrogen and the oxygen are prepared respectively, the hydrogen can be collected and the oxygen can be discharged respectively by switching gas path guidance while the electrolytic reaction is switched, the problem of crossing of the hydrogen and the oxygen is solved, and efficient hydrogen production is realized; in addition, the distributed hydrogen production and oxygen discharge solar cell-electrolytic tank coupling system has the advantages of being simple and low in cost, and has wide application prospects.

A process for producing semiconductor structures comprising one of more layers of Group III / IV Compounds deposited onto a template using PVD sputtering the resulting semiconductor structures is provided according to the invention. The Group III or Group IV material may be gallium, hafnium, indium, aluminum, silicon, germanium, magnesium and / or zirconium. The anion provided by a reactive gas may be nitride, oxide, arsenide, or phosphide. The flow of the reactive gas to the vacuum chamber used to react with the sputtered Group III or Group IV target material for produce the Group III / IV Compound layer onto the template is modulated during a duty cycle during the PVD sputtering process between a target-rich condition and a reactive gas-rich condition to enhance the efficiency of the PVD sputtering process and improve the crystallinity of the Group III / IV Compound layer within the resulting semiconductor structure.

The application discloses a metal phosphide-three-dimensional porous graphene composite electrocatalytic material and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of composite materials. The method comprises the following steps: (1) irradiating a benzoxazine precursor by using a laser, wherein the benzoxazine precursor is a benzoxazine monomer or a solidified product formed by cross-linking and solidification of the benzoxazine monomer, and a three-dimensional porous graphene skeleton structure is obtained after irradiation; and (2) taking the three-dimensional porous graphene skeleton structure as a working electrode, taking graphite carbon as a counter electrode, taking Hg / HgO as a reference electrode, and performing electrodeposition in an electrolyte solution comprising a metal salt and hypophosphite to obtain the metal phosphide-three-dimensional porous graphene composite electrocatalytic material. The method is simple in process, the metal phosphide in the prepared composite electrocatalytic material is uniformly loaded on the graphene pore wall surface with a three-dimensional porous network structure, the porous structure is exposed, excellent electric conductivity is achieved, and the composite electrocatalytic material exhibits extremely high application potential in the field of electrocatalysis.

This application belongs to the field of electrocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis materials technology, specifically relating to a nickel phosphide-iron phosphide self-supporting electrode, its preparation method, and its application. This application provides a method for preparing a nickel phosphide-iron phosphide self-supporting electrode, which directly constructs an active layer on a conductive nickel foam substrate through in-situ hydrothermal growth combined with a gas-phase phosphating strategy. The nickel foam not only acts as a conductive current collector but also participates in the growth of the precursor as a reaction substrate, enhancing the bonding force between the active layer and the substrate, completely avoiding the use of binders, and effectively reducing interfacial resistance. The phosphating treatment transforms the nickel-iron precursor into a phosphide with metal-like properties, significantly improving the electrode's conductivity and intrinsic catalytic activity, thereby solving the problem of slow reaction kinetics.

The application discloses a high manganese steel for railway frog and a production method thereof, and belongs to the field of high alloy steel. The chemical components of the high manganese steel are C, Si, Mn, Cr, Mo, Ni, Nb, V, Ti, P and S, and the balance is Fe and a small amount of inevitable impurities. The preparation steps include a smelting process and a rolling process. The smelting process includes electric furnace smelting, LF refining, VD treatment, continuous casting and slow cooling process of the cast blank. The rolling process includes heating, rolling, online rapid cooling process and subsequent processes. The application adopts low-P, low-S and micro-alloying design in the composition, strictly controls the contents of O, N and H in the steel during the smelting process, reduces the precipitation of oxides, sulfides, phosphides and carbides in the steel, and improves the fatigue resistance of the high manganese steel. The process route can reduce defects, refine grains, reduce the precipitation of carbides, improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of the high manganese steel, and greatly prolong the service life of the high manganese steel.

The invention relates to a material made of a copper-zinc-silicon alloy with the following composition: Cu: 67.0 to 72.0 wt.%, Si: 1.20 to 1.80 wt.%, Sn: 0.08 to 0.40 wt.%, P: 0.05 to 0.30 wt.%, Pb: optionally up to 0.10 wt.%, Fe: optionally up to 0.20 wt.%, Al: optionally up to 0.10 wt.%, Sb: optionally up to 0.10 wt.%, As: optionally up to 0.10 wt.%, with the remainder being Zn and unavoidable impurities, wherein the material has a structure which consists substantially of α-phase, optional β-phase, optional γ-phase and phosphide particles incorporated in the phases, and wherein the proportions of the β-phase and the γ-phase and the proportions of Si and P are selected such that the material satisfies the condition 185.092 - 5.72328∙([Beta]+[Gamma]) - 89.087∙[Si] - 354.137∙[P] + 2.8045∙([Beta]+[Gamma])∙[Si] + 236.598∙[Si]∙[P] < 60, wherein [Beta] represents the proportion of β-phase in vol.%, [Gamma] represents the proportion of γ-phase in vol.%, [Si] represents the proportion of silicon in wt.% and [P] represents the proportion of phosphorus in wt.%. The invention also relates to a method for producing a component and a method for producing a semi-finished product from a copper-zinc-silicon alloy.

The application belongs to the technical field of electrocatalytic materials, and particularly relates to a hollow carbon sphere loaded with metal phosphide, a preparation method and application in the field of electrocatalytic hydrogen production. The preparation method of the hollow carbon sphere loaded with metal phosphide is as follows: (1) metal salt, trimesic acid and a surfactant are added into an organic solvent for dissolution, and a solvothermal reaction is performed to obtain a precursor; (2) the precursor and a phosphorus source are simultaneously placed in a protective atmosphere for heating and phosphorization treatment, and a hollow carbon sphere loaded with metal phosphide is obtained. The preparation method has the advantages of simple preparation process, strong repeatability and low cost. The obtained hollow carbon sphere loaded with metal phosphide has high application value in the field of electrocatalytic hydrogen production.

The application provides a chitosan hydrogel and a preparation method and application thereof, and a black phosphorus-based electrode sheet and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of electrode materials.The chitosan hydrogel provided by the application comprises chitosan and catechol functional groups grafted on the chitosan through C-N bonds.The chitosan after grafting the catechol functional groups has a greatly improved solubility in water and is in a gel state.The catechol groups enable the chitosan hydrogel to have good wet adhesion resistance, so that the phosphorus negative electrode can well maintain the structure in the electrolyte, and further enable the black phosphorus-based electrode sheet to realize stable long cycle life and high capacity retention rate under a large current density.In addition, the chitosan hydrogel has excellent adhesion to the phosphorus-carbon composite material, and is rich in polar functional groups and can adsorb soluble polyphosphorus compounds generated in a side reaction, anchor a large amount of active substances, inhibit the loss of active substances caused by the side reaction, and significantly improve the capacity.

The single crystal furnace vacuumizing system comprises at least two single crystal furnaces arranged in parallel and a dry vacuum pump, each single crystal furnace is correspondingly provided with a first vacuum pipeline and a second vacuum pipeline; the first vacuum pipeline and the second vacuum pipeline are connected in parallel, the inlet end of the first vacuum pipeline is communicated with the single crystal furnace, the outlet end is communicated with the outside, and the inlet end of the second vacuum pipeline is communicated with the single crystal furnace, and the outlet end is communicated with the inlet end of the dry vacuum pump; the outlet end of the dry vacuum pump is communicated with the outside through a pipeline. Through valve switching, the dry vacuum pump is automatically started in the leak detection / high vacuum stage; a normal crystal pulling stage is switched to a water ring pump, so that the opportunity that the dry vacuum pump is in contact with viscous phosphide is reduced; once the running water ring pump breaks down, the system can be automatically switched to the dry vacuum pump, and production loss caused by air return is avoided.

The invention relates to a material made of a copper-zinc-silicon alloy with the following composition: The remaining Zn and unavoidable impurities, wherein the material has a microstructure consisting essentially of α-phase, optional β-phase, optional γ-phase and phosphide particles embedded in the phases, and wherein the proportions of the β-phase and the γ-phase as well as the proportions of Si and P are chosen such that the material meets the condition 185.092 − 5.72328 ⋅ ( [ Beta ] + [ Gamma ] ) − 89.087 ⋅ [ Si ] − 354.137 ⋅ [ P ] + 2.8045 ⋅ ( [ Beta ] + [ Gamma ] ) ⋅ [ Si ] + 236.598 ⋅ [ Si ] ⋅ [ P ] < 60 The invention fulfills the requirements, where [Beta] denotes the proportion of the β-phase in vol.%, [Gamma] the proportion of the γ-phase in vol.%, [Si] the proportion of silicon in wt.%, and [P] the proportion of phosphorus in wt.%. The invention further relates to a method for manufacturing a component from a copper-zinc-silicon alloy.

Semiconductor chip (100) with a semiconductor layer sequence (10) based on a phosphide compound semiconductor material or arsenide compound semiconductor material, wherein the semiconductor layer sequence (10) includes a p-type semiconductor region (4) and an n-type semiconductor region (2), and an active layer (3) arranged between the p-type semiconductor region (4) and the n-type semiconductor region (2), wherein - the n-type semiconductor region (2) comprises a superlattice structure (20) to improve current expansion, wherein the superlattice structure (20) has a periodic arrangement of semiconductor layers (21, 22, 23, 24), - a period of the superlattice structure (20) has at least one undoped first semiconductor layer (21) and one doped second semiconductor layer (22), wherein an electronic band gap E2 of the doped second semiconductor layer (22) is larger than an electronic band gap E1 of the undoped first semiconductor layer (21), and - the undoped first semiconductor layer (21) in the superlattice structure (20) is arranged between an undoped first intermediate layer (23) and an undoped second intermediate layer (24), and - the doped second semiconductor layer (22) is between 10 nm and 200 nm thick.

The application belongs to the field of wastewater treatment, and particularly relates to a bivalent cobalt phosphide / TiO2 nanotaper@Ti composite electrode and a preparation method and application thereof in organic matter-heavy metal coupling photoelectric catalysis. The bivalent cobalt phosphide / TiO2 nanotaper@Ti composite electrode comprises a titanium substrate, a titanium dioxide nanotaper layer grown in situ on the surface of the titanium substrate, and a bivalent cobalt phosphide nanosheet layer grown on the surface of the titanium dioxide nanotaper layer. The bivalent cobalt phosphide comprises divalent cobalt phosphide and trivalent cobalt phosphide, wherein the percentage of divalent cobalt in the total cobalt atoms is 70-90%. A p-n heterojunction exists between the titanium dioxide nanotaper and the bivalent cobalt phosphide. The bivalent cobalt phosphide / TiO2 nanotaper@Ti composite electrode can improve the synergistic coupling photoelectric degradation effect of organic matter and heavy metals.

The invention relates to the technical field of powder metallurgy, and discloses corrosion-resistant high-strength non-magnetic steel and a preparation method thereof.The preparation method comprises the following preparation steps that manganese powder, graphite powder and iron powder are mixed and smelted, and then iron-manganese-carbon pre-alloy powder is prepared through water atomization; uniformly mixing the lignin-based composite material, a binder and the iron-manganese-carbon pre-alloy powder, and performing compression molding to obtain a green body; and sintering, deburring and finishing the green body to prepare the corrosion-resistant high-strength non-magnetic steel. The lignin-based composite material and metal elements in the iron-manganese-carbon prealloy powder form borides, carbides and phosphides, volatilization of manganese is inhibited, the prepared non-magnetic steel has excellent mechanical strength, and the formed borides, carbides and phosphides provide excellent corrosion resistance for the non-magnetic steel.

This invention discloses a method for preparing an MMoP@CoP / Ti3C2 heterojunction electrocatalyst based on dp orbital coupling and its application in alkaline water electrolysis for hydrogen evolution (HER) and total water electrolysis, belonging to the fields of electrocatalytic materials and new energy technology. This invention encapsulates polyoxometalates (POMs) in a cobalt-based imidazolium ester (ZIFL) framework and anchors them on Ti3C2 MXene. A strongly coupled MMoP@CoP / Ti3C2 (M=Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) heterojunction is constructed in situ via low-temperature phosphating. By precisely controlling the work function difference (ΔΦ) at the heterojunction interface to 0.06 eV through the 3d orbitals of transition metal M and the 3p orbitals of P, the interfacial hydrogen overflow barrier is significantly reduced, achieving efficient alkaline HER and stable anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE). The obtained FeMoP@CoP / Ti3C2 exhibits high efficiency at 10 mAcm⁻¹. ‑2 The overpotential was only 58.9 mV, and the Tafel slope was 47.85 mV dec. ‑1 A symmetrical AEM electrolytic cell can achieve 1 Acm at 1.96 V. ‑2 It operates stably for 1000 hours, outperforming commercial Pt / C / / RuO2. This invention features a mild process, controllable structure, and low cost, providing a general preparation strategy for high-efficiency non-precious metal water electrolysis catalysts.

The application belongs to the technical field of electrode materials, and particularly relates to a material containing a passivation layer structure and a preparation method and application thereof. The material comprises: a metal phosphide / metal sulfide / metal silicate in the interior, a surface passivation layer coated on the surface of the material, and an intermediate passivation layer between the metal phosphide / metal sulfide / metal silicate and a metal oxide; the surface passivation layer is a first metal oxide layer or a composite passivation layer; the intermediate passivation layer is selected from one or more layers of a second metal oxide layer and a non-metal anion salt layer; and the metal phosphide / metal sulfide / metal silicate is a metal phosphide, a metal sulfide or a metal silicate. The application first proposes the application of a multilayer composite metal oxide and non-metal anion salt passivation layer structure in the prevention of oxidation and corrosion on the anode side of water / sea water electrolysis and the coupling of fluctuation renewable energy hydrogen evolution on the cathode side.

Wrought copper-zinc alloy for producing a semi-finished product with composition in wt. %: Cu: 58.0 to 63.0%, Si: 0.04 to 0.32%; P: 0.05 to 0.20%; Sn: up to 0.25%; Al: up to 0.10%; Fe: up to 0.30%; Ni: up to 0.30%, Pb: up to 0.25%; Te, Se, In: up to 0.10% each; Bi: maximum 0.009%; the remainder Zn and impurities. The alloy has a microstructure of globular α phase, β phase, and phosphide particles. The proportion of β phase in relation to the total of α and β phase is 20 vol. % and at most 70 vol. %. In an area of 21000 μm2 are 7 to 200 phosphide particles with an equivalent diameter of 0.5 to 1 μm, 4 to 150 phosphide particles with an equivalent diameter of 1 to 2 μm, and a maximum of 30 phosphide particles with an equivalent diameter of more than 2 μm.

Disclosed is a method for the catalytic reduction of CO2 and / or CO, the method comprising steps of (i) providing an electrolytic cell containing at least one reaction chamber that has at least one anode and at least one cathode and at least one electrolyte between the anode and the cathode, wherein the at least one cathode comprises at least one catalyst comprising at least one transition metal phosphide selected from phosphides of Cr, V, Ti, Hf, Ta, Zr, Nb; (ii) providing CO2 and / or CO in the electrolytic cell; and (iii) applying electrical potential to the electrolytic cell so that the CO2 and / or CO undergoes a reduction reaction at the cathode. Also disclosed are electrolytic cells and chemical reactors containing the disclosed transition metal phosphide catalysts.