The invention discloses a preparation method of a
rhodium cluster catalyst and a method for catalyzing olefin
hydroformylation by using the
rhodium cluster catalyst. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, synthesizing a
monomer material CTP-6-CHO; then, a certain amount of CTP-6-CHO and p-phenylenediamine are subjected to a self-
assembly reaction, and an organic framework material QTD-COF is prepared; then, the prepared QTD-COF is roasted in an Ar
atmosphere, and an N and P double-
doped carbon-based material (P-NC) is prepared; finally, the P-NC is used as a
carrier material, RhCl3. 3H2O is impregnated and adsorbed, high-temperature reduction is conducted in the H2 / Ar
atmosphere, and the
rhodium cluster supported catalyst Rh / P-NC is prepared. In the
hydroformylation reaction of olefin, an Rh / P-NC catalyst and an olefin substrate are added into a high-pressure reaction kettle, a CO / H2
mixed gas (V: V, 1: 1) is introduced, the reaction is performed for 4-12 hours at 100-140 DEG C, the olefin conversion rate is as high as 99.9%, the yield of
aldehyde compounds is as high as 97.4%, and the catalyst can be recycled for 10 times and still keeps activity. According to the method, the preparation method of the Rh / P-NC catalyst is simple, Rh clusters are anchored on the surface of a P-NC carrier in a high-dispersion mode, rich catalytic
hydroformylation active sites can be provided, and the
utilization rate of Rh
metal atoms is effectively increased.