The invention relates to a preparation and use method of a rapid detection agent for determination of water quality aniline concentration, the a rapid detection agent comprises two kinds of powder, and is prepared by mainly mixing sodium nitrite, N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine hydrochloride, ammonium sulfamate, amino sulfonic acid and the like, the two kinds of powder are successively added into a to-be-tested sample, and a spectrophotometer or a colorimeter is used for direct measurement of a chromophoric solution. The rapid aniline detection agent is easy to store, easy to carry, stable in performance, accurate and reliable in result, and simple in operation, can be used by non-professional personnel, and is suitable for on-site rapid detection of aniline in water surface water, industrial waste water and other water bodies.