The invention provides a composite water quality improvement agent for aquaculture and a use method of the improvement agent, and relates to the field of water quality improvement. The improvement agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 13-18 parts of photosynthetic bacterium, 5-10 parts of nitrifying bacterium, 40-60 parts of oyster shell powder, 10-15 parts of composite polypeptide amino acid, 14-18 parts of humic acid, 10-20 parts of composite biological enzyme, 4-10 parts of bacillus subtilis, 8-15 parts of mannitol, 10-20 parts of enterococcus faecalis, 20-40 parts of activated carbon, 15-20 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 20-30 parts of potassium peroxymonosulfate composite salt, 3-7 parts of sodium lignosulphonate, 6-12 parts of saccharomyces boulardii, 10-15 parts of nano improved aluminosilicate, 3-7 parts of clostridium butyricum and 5-10 parts of vitamin. The improvement agent has the advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection and convenience in use, can effectively eliminate pool bottom effluvium, degrades and purifies organic waste and toxin, improves the aquaculture water quality, and improves the quality of an aquatic product.