The invention provides a drug sustained-release material and a preparation method of the drug sustained-release material. The preparation method of the drug sustained-release material is as follows: (1) mixing and stirring low molecular weight chitosan, polyanionic cellulose, silk fibroin peptide, polycaprolactone, bovine serum albumin, glycollic acid, aloe polysaccharide and deionized water to obtain a component A; (2) mixing and stirring garlic oil, N,N'-bioleoyl ethidene diamine diethyl sodium sulfonate and polyethylene glycol to obtain a component B; (3) mixing the component A with the component B, and conducting ultrasonic shearing; (4) adding sodium tripolyphosphate and glutaraldehyde, heating and stirring; (5) standing and separating to obtain an aqueous phase, regulating the pH value to 8, centrifuging at the low speed to remove larger particles; (6) regulating the pH value of a suspension to neutral, centrifuging, abandoning a solvent, and drying. The drug sustained-release material is higher in water absorption, good in hydrophily and high in encapsulation efficiency, has an excellent drug sustained-release effect at the same time, and is most suitable for a drug taking 1dose per 24h.