The invention discloses compound alpha-keto acid tablets and a preparation method and a detection method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: taking calcium 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate, ketoleucine calcium, alpha-ketophenylalanine calcium, keto-valine-calcium, D,L-alpha-hydroxymethionine calcium, lysine acetate, threonine, tryptophan, histidine and tyrosine, crushing the main medicaments respectively and sieving with a sieve of 100 meshes; sieving starch, talc powder and magnesium stearate and sieving with a sieve of 80 meshes respectively; mixing the main medicaments and the starch uniformly, preparing a soft material from 6 percent polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) k30 isopropanol solution, granulating with a sieve of 20 meshes, and drying at the temperature of 40 DEG C; reshaping, adding magnesium stearate, the talc powder and crosslink povidone, and mixing uniformly; detecting an intermediate, and tabletting; and coating, and thus obtaining the compound alpha-keto acid tablets. The tablets with excellent granule pressing property, flowability, hardness and dissolution degree can be prepared by using the method, and the detection method can further ensure the quality of the prepared compound alpha-keto acid tablets.