The invention relates to a method for cleaning a filter bag for a cloth-bag or electric-bag dust collector, which comprises the following steps: (1) clearing surface dust of the filter bag of which the breaking strength is not less than 400N, then, soaking an intercepted small sample into water, measuring the pH value and the ion concentration of soak solution, and if the pH value of the soak solution is less than 5 or in gteater than 9, or F<-> is greater than 2.0mg / l, Cl<-> is greater than 250mg / l, NO3<-> is greater than 30mg / l, SO42<-> is greater than 350mg / l and PO43<-> is greater than 3mg / l in the soak solution, judging that the filter bag needs to the cleaned; (2) firstly, clearing a surface pressed powder layer of the complete filter bag by using compressed air, then, clearing the surface dust by using the dust collector, then, shifting the filter bag into an ultrasonic instrument holding detergent solution for cleaning, washing with the water after the cleaning is completed, and drying in a drying oven. After being cleaned by adopting the method, the filter bag can be recovered in air permeability, the dust clearing period is shortened, corrosive ions remaining in the filter bag are removed, and the service life of the filter bag is prolonged.