The invention discloses a method for preparing a nickel-copper alloy plating layer on the surface of carbon steel. The method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) pretreatment, wherein a carbon steel workpiece is pretreated to obtain a carbon steel base material for later use; (2) preparation of an electroplating solution, wherein nickel sulfate, copper sulfate, trisodium citrate, boric acid, an additive and a brightener are dissolved in deionized water to prepare the electroplating solution for later use, and the concentrations of nickel sulfate, copper sulfate, trisodium citrate, boric acid, the additive and the brightener in the electroplating solution are 170-200 g/L, 5-20 g/L, 60-100 g/L, 10-25 g/L, 0.05-1 g/L and 0.1-1 g/L respectively; and (3) preparation of the nickel-copper alloy plating layer, wherein the carbon steel base material is immersed into the electroplating solution, the carbon steel base material serves as a cathode, one of monel alloy, pure nickel, graphite and pure copper serves as an anode, and electroplating deposition is conducted on the carbon steel base material to form the nickel-copper alloy plating layer. The nickel-copper alloy plating layer prepared through the method not only can effectively solve the problem of corrosion of a fluorine-making electrolytic cell made of carbon steel, but also has good thermal conductivity and strong binding force with the carbon steel base material.