The invention provides a method for recovering Cu, Cd, Ni, Co and Zn from copper-cadmium slag. The copper-cadmium slag is subjected to two times of oxidizing acid leaching, and Cu is extracted from leach liquor; after Fe in raffinate is removed through neutralization oxidation, Ni and Co are precipitated through cobalt purification reagents, and Co and Ni concentrate is obtained through calcinations; after liquor obtained after Co precipitation is subjected to activated carbon adsorption, an electrolytic metal zinc plate is used for replacing spongy cadmium, and a metal cadmium ingot is obtained through melting; and liquor after replacement is delivered to a zinc electrolyzing system. H2SO4 leaching is adopted during the two times of oxidizing acid leaching, and the final PH value after the first time of oxidizing acid leaching is 2 to 3; in the second time of oxidizing acid leaching, the concentration is 50-100 g/L, time is 2 hours, and an oxidizing agent is MnO2 of 5-10% or H2O2 of 5-10%; extraction agents of copper are Cp180 of 20-40% and kerosene of 60-80%, the extraction PH value is 2 to 3, the concentration of reverse extraction H2SO4 is 250-300 g/L, and three levels of extraction, two levels of reverse extraction and two levels of regeneration from washing are carried out; the amount of the cobalt purification reagents is 1.2-1.4 times the sum of the content of Co and the content of Ni, and the temperature ranges from 50 DEG C to 60 DEG C; the replacement PH value of the spongy cadmium is 3 to 4, and the temperature ranges from 40 DEG C to 50 DEG C. According to the method, the process is short, and the recovery rate is high.