The invention relates to a comprehensive utilization method for coal gangue waste combined with spent cathode carbon blocks in the aluminum electrolysis industry. The method comprises the following concrete steps: smashing coal gangue and the spent cathode carbon blocks into powder, drying, then burdening in a certain proportion, removing alkaline soluble impurities in a mixed material by using astrong alkali liquid, washing to be neutral with hot water, drying, then in an inert or reducing atmosphere, heating to 1400-1700 DEG C, carrying out heat preservation for a period of time, so that mixed powder containing silicon carbide is obtained, then oxidizing and combusting the powder in an oxidizing atmosphere for removing residual carbon powder, dispersing the obtained powder into hydrofluoric acid for removing residual silicon dioxide, cleaning, and drying, so that silicon carbide powder can be obtained. The obtained silicon carbide product is high in purity and small in particle sizeand has extremely high industrial application value; meanwhile, industrial solid wastes coal gangue and spent cathode carbon blocks are taken as raw materials, so that the method provided by the invention has positive significance in directions of reducing waste pollution, protecting the environment and recycling resources.